A novel pseudo simulated moving bed with solvent gradient for ternary separations

A novel pseudo simulated moving bed was suggested to separate a ternary mixture. A solvent gradient was created to make the solvent strength decreasing from zone II to zone III. Under suitable conditions, the least retained solute A moved forward and the most retained solute C moved backward in zones II and III whereas the medium retained solute B moved forward in zone II but backward in zone III to be trapped in the two zones consequently. Once the columns in zones II and III were saturated with solute B, the solvent dissolving the feed was introduced at the feed port to remove solute A from the raffinate-port and solute C from the extract-port. Finally, solute B was recovered from the extract port by stopping the liquid flow in zone II. This scheme was validated by the successful separation of dihydrocapsaicin from capsaicinoids.     

压力循环流化床中的传热研究

本文从理论与试验上研究压力循环流化床中床－壁面传热系数的变化规律。对常压循环流化床中的传热模型进行修正，发展了压力循环流化床中的传热模型。试验测试了床内传热系数随床内固体颗粒浓度、颗粒径和运行风速的变化规律。提出计算床－壁面传热系数的无量纲经验公式。     

Experimental measurements and numerical modeling of marginal burning in live chaparral fuel beds

An extensive experimental and numerical study was completed to analyze the marginal burning behavior of live chaparral shrub fuels that grow in the mountains of southern California. Laboratory fire spread experiments were carried out to determine the effects of wind, slope, moisture content, and fuel characteristics on marginal burning in fuel beds of common chaparral species. Four species (Manzanita sp., Ceanothus sp., Quercus sp., and Arctostaphylos sp.), two wind velocities (0 and 2 m/s), two fuel bed depths (20 and 40 cm), and three slope percents (0%, 40%, or 70%) were used. Oven-dry moisture content M of fine fuels (<6.25 mm diameter) ranged from 29% to 105%. Sixty-five of 115 fires successfully propagated the length (2.0 m) of the elevated fuel bed. A previously derived empirical marginal burning criterion was assessed, and a suitable modification was proposed for live chaparral fuels. Based on the experimental data, a stepwise logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of successful fire spread. This procedure resulted in the selection of wind speed, slope percent, fuel loading, fuel moisture content, and relative humidity as the primary variables. It correctly classified 96% of 115 fires. Finally, a multidimensional numerical model for vegetation fire spread using a porous media sub-model was developed to simulate the laboratory fires. Results are used to analyze the internal heat transfer and combustion processes that determine fire spread success in shrub fuel bed.     

Post-harvest processing methods for reduction of silica and alkali metals in wheat straw

Silica and alkali metals in wheat straw limit its use for bioenergy and gasification. Slag deposits occur via the eutectic melting of SiO₂ with K₂O, trapping chlorides at surfaces and causing corrosion. A minimum melting point of 950°C is desirable, corresponding to an SiO₂:K₂O weight ratio of about 3:1. Mild chemical treatments were used to reduce Si, K, and Cl, while varying temperature, concentration, % solids, and time. Dilute acid was more effective at removing K and Cl, while dilute alkali was more effective for Si. Reduction of minerals in this manner may prove economical for increasing utilization of the straw for combustion or gasification.     

物料在多层流化床内非稳态干燥的实验研究

通过石英砂与绿豆在多层流化床内的非稳态干燥特性实验，得出与稳态干燥的重要区别即为没有稳定的值速干燥段。将Page方程修正后，可用于多层流化床非稳态干燥数据处理。推导出的非稳态干燥动力学方程证明在非稳态干燥时，不可能出现恒速干燥段，并表明变工况与快速高强度干燥是提高干燥速率的重要途径。     

热烟气启动流化床的数学模型

1引言在流化床锅炉能够正常运行之前，必须进行点火操作，把惰性床料流化加热到足够高的温度，以使燃料能够开始燃烧。用高温热烟气经由布风板加热床层，传热效率较高，易于实现自动控制，能够明显缩短启动时间，减少辅助燃料消耗，目前国外普遍采用这种方法山。在我国第一台中试PFBC锅炉的启动中，就将采用热烟气启动的方式。为了对热烟气启动增压流化床进行模拟研究，提出了一种热烟气启动流化床的简化模型二本文提出的简化模型，考虑了扬析、磨损等因素，力求物理概念正确、简单实用、功能强；特别是借鉴对于间隙扬析过程的处理方法，…     

旋转床填料空间液体的液相传质分析

1前言旋转床。又称Higee或超重机，是八十年代初发展起来的一种新型、高效的传质分离设备[1]，图1为其示意图。由填料和填料框构成的转子安装在固定的外壳内，并以每分钟数百至数千转的转速旋转。其中，液体在强离心力（上千倍于重力）作用下，由转子中心沿径向向外甩出，在填料床内与向内的气体逆向接触，进行复杂的热、质传递。屈指可数的传质理论模型系建立在填料表面液膜的基础上[2]，而实验表明：旋转填料层空间内飞行的液体（滴、丝、膜）可能是传质的主体[2]。为此，本文将首先试探建立滴、丝和膜传质的理论模型，用它们分析计算在…     

大型射流流化床气化炉的数学模拟Ⅰ.模型的建立

本文是在充分考虑了流动特性、质量平衡、能量平衡和动量平衡以后，建立了一个基于大型射流流化床气化炉（直径大于１米）的模型。通过与实验结果比较、证明该模型可用于大型气化炉的模拟工作。     

Synthesis and activity measurement of some water-gas shift reaction catalysts

The effect of calcination temperature on the activity and some properties of low temperature water gas shift reaction catalysts has been investigated. The activities of catalysts have been determined using a fixed bed catalytic reactor. The following results may be deduced from the present study. 1. The catalysts' total surface area decreased with increasing calcination temperature, presumably due to the partial sintering of the catalysts particles. 2. The presence of an amorphous CuO phase within the structure of some catalysts may be related to the desirable conditions prevailing during synthesis of the latter. 3. Observation of a similar trend between the increase in copper crystallite particle size and enhancement of catalyst activities with increasing calcination temperature demonstrates the important contribution made by the copper crystallite phase to the overall activities of water gas shift reaction catalysts. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Flow Patterns and Wall Stresses in a Louvered‐Wall Moving Granular Filter Bed of Quartz Sand

The flow patterns and wall stresses in a two‐dimensional louvered moving granular filter bed of quartz sand were investigated. The flow pattern histories of granular solids in the filter bed were recorded using a digital camcorder and a pressure gauge for simultaneously measuring the normal stresses as well as shear stresses of the granular solids. The static wall stress distributions produced by the granular solids were measured, and agreed with a theoretical prediction formed using the differential slice and Runge‐Kutta (order four) methods. The variations in the dynamic wall stresses with time in a moving granular filter bed were obtained and the effect of the louver angle upon the flow patterns and wall stresses was also investigated. Employing the results obtained by stress measurements and image processing, the wall pressure pulsation phenomena in a moving granular filter bed may be further understood. The results reported here provide fundamental information for the design of moving granular filter beds to act as high‐temperature flue gas cleanup filters.