退火对电子束热蒸发Al2O3薄膜性能影响的实验研究

 用电子束热蒸发方法镀制了Al₂O₃材料的单层膜,对它们在空气中进行了250~400 ℃的高温退火。对样品的透射率光谱曲线进行了测量,计算了样品的消光系数、折射率和截止波长。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）测量分析了薄膜的微观结构,采用表面轮廓仪测量了样品的表面均方根粗糙度。结果发现随着退火温度的提高光学损耗下降,薄膜结构在退火温度为400 ℃时仍然为无定形态,样品的表面粗糙度随退火温度的升高而增加。引起光学损耗下降起主导作用的是吸收而不是散射,吸收损耗的下降主要是由于退火使材料吸收空气中的氧而进一步氧化,从而使薄膜材料的非化学计量比趋于正常。     

二次喉道扩压器对COIL的影响实验

 氧碘化学激光器分别采用二次喉道扩压器和8°扩压器时，对在不同阀门开度下的气流方向的壁面静压曲线和背压曲线，光轴壁面静压曲线，出口总压与上游压比值曲线，输出功率曲线进行了测量。对两种扩压器的数据进行了对比，结果表明：与8°扩压器相比，二次喉道扩压器能够有效隔离扩压器下游气流对光腔的干扰，显著减小捩区长度，并将转捩区控制在扩压器内。在激光器背压升高时，二次喉道扩压器的稳定性更强。     

Covalent binding of cyclohexene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene on Si(1 1 1)-7 × 7

The adsorption reactions and binding configurations of cyclohexene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene on Si(1 1 1)-7 × 7 were studied using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and DFT calculation. The covalent attachments of these unsaturated hydrocarbons to Si(1 1 1)-7 × 7 through the formation of Si–C linkages are clearly demonstrated by the observation of the Si–C stretching mode at 450–500 cm⁻¹ in their HREELS spectra. For chemisorbed cyclohexene, the involvement of π_C=C in binding is further supported by the absence of C=C stretching modes and the disappearance of the π_C=C photoemission. The chemisorption of both 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene leads to the formation of cyclohexene-like intermediates through di-σ bonding. The existence of one π_C=C bond in their chemisorbed states is confirmed by the observation of the C=C and (sp²)C---H stretching modes and the UPS and XPS results. DFT calculations show that [4 + 2]-like cycloaddition is thermodynamically preferred for 1,3-cyclohexadiene on Si(1 1 1)-7 × 7, but a [2 + 2]-like reaction mechanism is proposed for the covalent attachment of cyclohexene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene.     

MeV能量离子在生物样品中的能量损失与能量离散

为了研究 MeV能量离子在生物样品中的能量损失与能量离散, 分别使用1.0, 1.8和2.8 MeV质子和4.5 MeV氦离子分别辐照不同质量厚度的洋葱内表皮膜。 当质子穿过该生物样品后, 可以利用透射能谱测量透射离子的能量损失和能量离散。 实验结果显示, 在以上的生物样品中, MeV能量离子的能量损失值和TRIM程序模拟的结果相吻合, 但是透射离子的能量离散值却与TRIM程序模拟结果有很大的不同。 结合生物样品的结构不均匀的特性, 对Bohr能量离散理论进行了修正, 并发现修正后的Bohr能量离散理论计算结果与实验值符合得很好。     

扩散式气固分离器内两相流动数值模拟

采用RNG k-ε模型、随机颗粒轨道模型对扩散式气固分离器内的两相流动情况进行了数值模拟研究,讨论了流速对分离效率的影响,颗粒分级分离效率,颗粒轨迹,以及多个几何结构尺寸对分离效率和阻力系数的作用情况.数值模拟结果表明该类分离器流场总体成双层流动结构,分离器对4 μm以下的小颗粒分离效率较低,流速对分离效率的作用比较明显,各结构尺寸对阻力系数和分离效率的影响比较复杂,结构尺寸的取值有一定比例范围.     

高斯光束斜入射法布里-珀罗干涉腔后的反射光强分布

基于多光束干涉原理,推导了高斯光束斜入射法布里-珀罗干涉仪后的反射光强表达式.在此基础之上数值研究了入射角对高斯光束的反射特性的影响.研究结果表明:当法布里-珀罗干涉腔的腔长满足反共振时,随着入射角的增大,反射光的光强分散,峰值强度下降后呈现出幅度衰减的波动;峰值位置随着入射角的增大,呈现出幅度越来越小的振荡偏移;光斑大小随入射角的增大,呈现出幅度减小的振荡.     

Essay: The Quantum Gravitational Black Hole Is Neither Black Nor White

Understanding the end state of black hole evaporation, the microscopic origin of black hole entropy, the information loss paradox, and the nature of the singularity arising in gravitational collapse - these are outstanding challenges for any candidate quantum theory of gravity. Recently, a midisuperspace model of quantum gravitational collapse has been solved using a lattice regularization scheme. It is shown that the mass of an eternal black hole follows the Bekenstein spectrum, and a related argument provides a fairly accurate estimate of the entropy. The solution also describes a quantized mass-energy distribution around a central black hole, which in the WKB approximation, is precisely Hawking radiation. The leading quantum gravitational correction makes the spectrum non-thermal, thus providing a plausible resolution of the information loss problem.     

The influence of compressive stress applied by hard coatings on the power loss of grain oriented electrical steel sheet

To reduce the core loss of electrical steel the vacuum arc ion plating technique has been used to deposit titanium nitride (TiN) layers on highly grain oriented electrical steel sheets. The layer thickness, the stresses of layers and coated sheets and the achieved reduction in core losses have been measured as functions of coating duration and applied bias voltage. Well adhered layers with high compressive stress up to 6.8 GPa have been produced. With increasing bias voltage the layer thickness decreases and the intrinsic stress of the layers increase. A further increase of bias voltage leads to a drop in stress due to thermal relaxation. In general, the tensile stress of the coated sheets rises with increasing layer thickness while the core loss of the coated material decreases with increasing tensile stress of the steel sheet and increasing bias voltage. The highest reduction of core loss has been found to be 28% (from P_1.7=0.86 W/kg for commercially coated HGO electrical steel sheet with glass film to 0.62 W/kg for TiN coated material) and is due to the reduction of excess loss only.     

基于PML边界的有限差分法及其在光波导泄漏损耗计算中的应用

利用结合完美匹配层(PML)边界的有限差分法计算了光波导的泄漏损耗.通过采用非均匀格点差分格式和反正切坐标变换的方法,有效地减小了计算量并提高了计算精度.分析了PI(polyimide)掩埋型波导和SOI(silicon-on-insulator)脊型波导两种典型结构的泄漏损耗,给出了波导结构尺寸对泄漏损耗的影响,并对有效减小泄漏损耗的方法进行了讨论.     

Study on sound transmission characteristics of a cylindrical shell using analytical and experimental models

A circular cylindrical cavity enclosed by a thin elastic shell is found in many practical devices such as expansion volume mufflers, hermetic compressors and aircraft cabins. Analytical and experimental studies are conducted in this work to understand the characteristics of sound transmission through the cylindrical wall of such a system. Using an infinitely long circular cylindrical shell subjected to a plane incident wave, an exact solution is obtained by solving the classical shell vibration equations and the acoustic wave equations simultaneously. Transmission losses obtained from the solution are compared to the transmission losses that are measured for a cylindrical shell of finite length and the same cross-sectional dimensions. The comparison suggests that the theoretical model can be used as an effective design tool despite considerable simplifications involved.