A new and consistent parameter for measuring the quality of multivariate analytical methods: Generalized analytical sensitivity

Generalized analytical sensitivity (γ) is proposed as a new figure of merit, which can be estimated from a multivariate calibration data set. It can be confidently applied to compare different calibration methodologies, and helps to solve literature inconsistencies on the relationship between classical sensitivity and prediction error. In contrast to the classical plain sensitivity, γ incorporates the noise properties in its definition, and its inverse is well correlated with root mean square errors of prediction in the presence of general noise structures. The proposal is supported by studying simulated and experimental first-order multivariate calibration systems with various models, namely multiple linear regression, principal component regression (PCR) and maximum likelihood PCR (MLPCR). The simulations included instrumental noise of different types: independently and identically distributed (iid), correlated (pink) and proportional noise, while the experimental data carried noise which is clearly non-iid.     

An Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission Platform for Direct Visualization of Interfacial Dynamic Self‐Assembly

An in‐depth understanding of dynamic interfacial self‐assembly processes is essential for a wide range of topics in theoretical physics, materials design, and biomedical research. However, direct monitoring of such processes is hampered by the poor imaging contrast of a thin interfacial layer. We report in situ imaging technology capable of selectively highlighting self‐assembly at the phase boundary in real time by employing the unique photophysical properties of aggregation‐induced emission. Its application to the study of breath‐figure formation, an immensely useful yet poorly understood phenomenon, provided a mechanistic model supported by direct visualization of all main steps and fully corroborated by simulation and theoretical analysis. This platform is expected to advance the understanding of the dynamic phase‐transition phenomena, offer insights into interfacial biological processes, and guide development of novel self‐assembly technologies.     

中学化学有效数字教学建议

通过一则教学案例反映中学化学有效数字教学的薄弱,强调客观、正确、合理地使用有效数字是化学工作者必备的基础素质之一,探讨了学生不规范记录和处理数据的现象及原因,并提出相应的改进措施。     

Dew nucleation and growth

Dew is the condensation of water vapor into liquid droplets on a substrate. It is characterized by an initial heterogeneous nucleation on a substrate and a further growth of droplets. The presence of a substrate that geometrically constrains the growth is the origin of the peculiarities and richness of the phenomenon. A key point is the drop interaction through drop fusion or coalescence, which leads to scaling in the growth and gives universality to the process. As a matter of fact, growth dynamics are only dependent on substrate and drop dimensionality. Coalescence events lead to temporal and spatio-temporal fluctuations in the substrate coverage, drop configuration, etc., which give rise to a very peculiar dynamics. When the substrate is a liquid or a liquid crystal, the drop pattern can exhibit special spatial order, such as crystalline, hexatic phases and fractal contours. Condensation on a solid substrate near its melting point can make the drop jump.The applications of monitoring dew formation are manifold. Examples can be found in medicine (sterilization process), agriculture (green houses) and hydrology (production of drinkable water). To cite this article: D. Beysens, C. R. Physique 7 (2006).     

计算一类反应扩散方程分歧问题的Fourier配点法

1引言 关于反应扩散方程的研究由来已久,特别是对一些含参数的非线性反应扩散方程,由于其多解性和丰富的分歧现象,经常受到人们的关注.本文考虑如下非线性反应扩散方程组 {ut=γf(u,v)+uxx, vt=γg(u,v)+dvxx, (1) 相应的边界条件为 ux(t,0):ux(t,π)=vx(t,0)=vx(t,π)=0. (2) 我们选取Gierer-Meinhardt模型[1,2]为研究对象,即 {f(u,V)=a-bu+u2/v, g(u,v)=u2-v, 其中a、b和γ是正常数,d为参数.     

环形薄板二维驻波的研究

在理论上和实验上对环形薄板二维驻波波节图形(克拉尼图形) 进行了研究. 通过在极坐标下对垂直板面方向小振动方程进行分离变量, 求解出环形薄板小振动方程在外边界悬空时分别在两种内边界条件, 即内边界悬空和内边界简支下的解析解的简正模式, 并计算了在第一种边条件下几种共振模式的径向波速近似值, 以及两种边条件下的圆形驻波波节线的半径和薄板的弹性模量. 发现通过调节环形薄板上点振动源的频率, 可精确控制薄板上出现的克拉尼图形. 实验上观察到了仅有圆形波节线, 仅有辐射状波节线, 以及两种波节线同时存在3 种简正模式的情形, 且波节线的数量可严格控制. 理论结果跟实验符合得很好.      

InSb磁电阻在交变磁场下的特性研究

利用数字示波器,通过观察李萨如图形,在弱交变磁场信号下,验证了InSb磁电阻的倍频效应;通过改变信号源的频率,得到了李萨如图形随频率的变化规律。从李萨如图形的变化规律可以发现,随信号源频率的升高,磁电阻的交流分量减小;与信号源的相位差趋于-π。通过对不同励磁频率下,励磁电流、磁电阻的变化规律的研究分析,解释了李萨如图形随频率变化的原因。     

Porous Microstructured Surfaces with pH‐Triggered Antibacterial Properties

New antibacterial films are designed with the capability to reversibly regulate their killing and repelling functions in response to variations in environmental pH. These systems consist of porous polystyrene surfaces as the main components and a copolymer bearing pH‐sensitive thiazole and triazole groups as the minor components. These pH‐sensitive groups, located on the surfaces, can be partially protonated at acidic pH levels, increasing the positive charge density of the surfaces and their antibacterial activity. Similarly, their bacterial adhesion and killing efficiencies in response to changes in pH are evaluated by analyzing the bacterial viability of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the surfaces under acidic and neutral pH values. It is demonstrated that after only 1 h of incubation with the bacterial suspension in acidic conditions, the surfaces killed the bacteria, while at pH = 7.4, some of the adhered bacteria are removed. Furthermore, the surface topography exerts an important role by intensifying this response.     

Instructions to Authors

正General Communications in Theoretical Physics(CTP)is published monthly by the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Physical Society,and online by IOP Publishing Ltd.Articles in this journal are abstracted/indexed in Science Citation Index(SCI),Sci-     

用李萨如图形调整盒式磁带录音机的带速

用李萨如图形调整盒式磁带录音机走带速率的方法方便、适用。