天然螯合微肥增效作用及机理的研究

目前由人工合成的有机螯合微量元素肥料，因价格昂贵不能在农业生产中广泛应用。本研究采用丰富廉价的有机肥料，经转化提取的天然螯合剂与微量元素螯合研制的天然螯合微肥，在多种作物上施用，证明能促进作物对Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ和Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ等微量元素的吸收。明显提高作物的产量，改善品质，并不同程度地提高作物的抗病能力．     

高中化学“铁及其化合物”的项目式教学*——探秘铁肥的合理使用

以“探秘铁肥的合理使用”为主题,开展高中化学“铁及其化合物”的项目式教学。通过完成“确定铁肥的主要成分”“检验铁肥是否变质”“铁肥的合理使用”等3个任务,学生学会不同价态铁元素化合物的转化和检验方法,形成从元素价态和物质类别角度探究物质性质的思路。初步培养了实验探究能力,提升创新意识,发展基于“铁及其化合物价类二维模型建构”的模型认知素养。学生收获了真实新颖、亲身实践、分组合作、交流展示等成就性体验,制作的铁肥保存和合理使用说明书体现了项目式教学的本质特征,实现学习结果的可视性、共享性、交流性。     

富硅微量元素肥料的应用研究

使用自制的富硅微量元素肥料对水稻、甘蔗、花生进行实验。结果表明水稻、甘蔗、花生增产达到显著水平以上的分别占８３．３３％、８３．３３％和５８．３３％,三种作物的最佳Ｎ、ＳｉＯ２施用比例分别为１：０．８４、１：０．６５和１：０．６５～０．８５。该肥可使水稻增产稻谷５．５７％～１２％,最高增产达２１．１７％;花生增产６．０２％～１４．８４％,最高增产２８．９１％;甘蔗增产可达１０．５１％～１１．７３％,     

改性硝酸铵爆炸安全性研究 Ⅱ、无机化学肥料对硝酸铵爆炸安全性的影响

热分解;改性硝酸铵爆炸安全性研究 Ⅱ、无机化学肥料对硝酸铵爆炸安全性的影响     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定不同肥料产品中铊含量比对

铊是一种高毒性的微量元素,具有较强的富集能力,已被列为肥料的强制性检验项目。选择了水溶性肥料、复混肥料、有机肥料3种代表性的肥料样品,通过比对微波消解和电热板敞口消解前处理方式;分析电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法主要干扰来源;通过建立各自的标准工作曲线、比对方法检出限、精密度、加标回收率,探讨研究肥料产品中铊含量测定方法。研究结果表明：微波消解法和电热板敞口消解法各有优点,可以根据样品实际情况灵活选择。ICP-AES法主要干扰为光谱干扰,需要在前处理过程中除去Mn元素,而ICP-MS法主要干扰为基体效应,可以使用内标物加以校正。ICP-MS法的检出限低于ICP-AES法。由于微波消解-ICP-AES法无法除去消解液中的Mn元素带来的光谱干扰,因此不适合测定铊含量。而微波消解-ICP-MS法、电热板敞口消解-ICP-AES法和电热板敞口消解-ICP-MS法这三种方法测定结果无明显差异,测定标准化肥质控样品均在指定值范围内,加标回收率为86%-110%。实验室可以根据肥料样品的数量、组成、性质合理选择搭配前处理方式和测定方法。     

电位滴定法快速测定磷肥中的水溶性磷

建立了电位滴定法快速测定磷肥中水溶性磷含量的方法。用蒸饮水溶解磷肥中的水溶性磷,通过硝酸钡和阳离子交换树脂除去干扰离子,用六次甲基四胺-硝酸缓冲溶液制试液的酸度（pH=5.4),在乙醇体系中,用一定浓度的硝酸铅标准溶液进行电位滴定,用二阶微分法确定硝酸铅标准溶液的滴定终点体积。方法的RSD为0.66%-0.97%,回收率为100.00%-100.10%。     

复混肥中钾含量的激光诱导击穿光谱分析

将激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)应用于复混肥中的主要营养元素之一钾（K）元素的含量检测。样品中K养分的浓度较高,在等离子体形成过程中容易发生自吸收。通过分析谱线的激发能级、跃迁几率以及自吸收程度,确定最佳分析谱线为钾的原子线404.40 nm。同时为了提高LIBS分析复合肥样品的测量精度,分析了光谱测量稳定性随谱线信号平均次数的变化规律。结果显示,在本实验条件下,一次测量平均100个脉冲所得的光谱信号,其相对标准偏差较小。实验总共分析了9个复合肥样品,其中7个作为定标样品,建立K养分浓度的定标曲线,另外2个作为未知样品,用以检验LIBS分析K养分浓度的测量精确度。研究结果表明,定标曲线的线性拟合度为0.989,检验样品的绝对误差小于0.3%,体现了激光诱导击穿光谱技术快速分析复混肥中钾养分的潜力。     

Characterization of Controlled Release Fertilizer by Infrared Microspectroscopy

The feasibility and potential of infrared microspectroscopy for quantitatively characterizing the dynamic changes in the coating of controlled release fertilizer granules are discussed to better characterize the release of nutrients. Two polymer-coated compound fertilizers were selected as typical samples. A frozen section technique was used for sample pretreatment, where freeze-dried controlled release fertilizer granules were cut into 20-µm-thick sections. Optimal parameters for the spectral range, spectral resolution, and pixel dimensions in the transmission spectra were determined to be 4000–750?cm^?1, 16?cm^?1, and 6.25?×?6.25?µm, respectively. A mean spectrum of four scans was used in data processing for second-derivative analysis with nine smoothing points. This work is aimed to quantitatively distinguish between the coating and fertilizer core according to radial variations in second-derivative spectra using characteristic wavelengths that represent the coating and fertilizer core. During nutrient release, the fertilizer core gathered gradually and adhered in uniform distribution around the coating, while some nutrients were trapped in micropores. The coating thickness of the controlled release fertilizers fluctuated within 37.5––55 and 15–55?µm, respectively. Although measurement results based on infrared microspectroscopy were in accordance with the scanning electron microscopy observations, they were shown to be more accurate and were not influenced by the coating mixed with the fertilizer core. Furthermore, infrared microspectroscopy was effectively used to quantify the dynamic thickness of the coating of controlled release fertilizer granules and visually characterize fertilizer penetration through the coating.     

施硼对高产油菜新品种秦油2号的防病增产效果

在缺硼土壤上进行秦油２号移栽穴内底施硼肥（硼砂６￣１８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２）和蕾苔期喷施硼肥（硼砂１．５￣７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２）试验。结果表明：移栽穴内底施硼肥以施用硼砂１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２增产幅度最大，增产４８７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，增幅２０．１％；蕾苔期喷施硼肥以施用硼砂４．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２增产幅度最大，增产２６５．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，增幅１１．０％；“花而不实”株率、裂茎株率均随施硼量的增加而下降，菌核     

流动相离子色谱法测定化肥催化剂中硫酸根

This paper describes a method for determination of sulfate in fertilizer catalyst by the use of an active aluminium oxide column for separation and mobile phase ion chromatography. The recoveries of this method were from 99.7% to 102.2%. The coefficient of variation ranged from 2.13% to 5.50%. The results are satisfactory. The method is reliable,simple, accurate and applicable to the determination of sulfate in fertilizer catalyst after a pretreatment by hydrochloric acid.