不同施肥处理对潮土胡敏酸结构特性的影响

研究了饼肥,绿肥,秸秆肥三种处理在等氮等磷条件下对胡敏酸结构特性的影响,采用元素分析,显微红外,固态13C-NMR三种分析方法进行结构解析,结果表明：不同施肥处理的胡敏酸在化学组成和结构上类似,但还有很多明显的差别。(1)饼肥处理的胡敏酸H和N含量最高,绿肥处理的胡敏酸含O量最大,秸秆肥处理的胡敏酸含C量最高 (2)红外分析显示,三种处理的胡敏酸均含有蛋白质及碳水化合物,饼肥处理的胡敏酸含氨基化合物最多,绿肥处理的胡敏酸含羟基,脂肪烃含量最大,秸秆肥处理的胡敏酸含醇,酚含量最高;(3)固态 13C-NMR数据表明饼肥处理的胡敏酸含有最多的羧基碳,绿肥处理的胡敏酸含有烷基碳,羰基碳最多。秸秆肥处理的胡敏酸烷氧基碳,芳香碳含量最大。     

硼-姜黄素络合物的高效液相色谱研究及应用

本文研究了在非水体系中硼与质子化的姜黄素形成的络合物以无水甲醇为溶剂,在C18色谱柱上用甲醇-水(80:20 V/V)作流动相(1.00mL/min)分离并检测.硼的校正曲线线性范围为 0.4～3.2μg/25mL,硼的校测限为 0.08ng.此法用于复合硼肥的分析,结果令人满意.     

Characterizing biodegradation of PLA and PLA-g-AA/starch films using a phosphate-solubilizing bacillus species

The use of PLA and PLA-g-AA/starch as materials for the controlled release of encapsulated PSB was evaluated. The results showed that the bacterium degraded both the PLA and the PLA-g-AA/starch composite films, resulting in cell release. Severe disruption of the film structure occurred after incubation for 60-90 d. The PLA-g-AA/starch (20 wt.-%) films were more biodegradable than those made of PLA and also suffered a more pronounced decrease in molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity. Although blending of starch appeared to enhance the biodegradability of the PLA films, the pattern of degradation was quite similar for both types of films. The rate of cell release depends on the biodegradability of the film.     

农作物病害的防治与药肥合一

叙述了农作物病害的发生与必需营养元素的关系。试验证明只有在平衡作物营养元素的基础上使用农药治病，才能标本兼治，收到事半功倍的效果。文章同时叙述了补充农作物中微量元素的方式以及药肥合一的使用领域、用法与用量。     

Electrokinetic injection of samples into a short electrophoretic capillary controlled by piezoelectric micropumps

Electrokinetic sample injection using two piezoelectric micropumps has been proposed for electrophoresis in short capillaries. The sample is brought to the injection end of the capillary using one of them. Then, the high‐voltage source is turned on and the sample is injected electrokinetically for a defined time. The injection is terminated by removal of the sample zone by the flowing separation electrolyte pumped by the second piezoelectric micropump. The RSD value, expressing the repeatability of the injection, does not exceed 4%. The injection apparatus does not contain any mobile mechanical components, there is no movement of the capillary and both its ends remain constantly in the solution during both the sample injection and separation. Thus, the micropumps replace the six‐way injection valve and linear pump in similar types of injection apparatuses. The injection was tested in the separation and determination of ammonium and potassium ions in two samples of mineral fertilizers. The separation was performed in background electrolyte containing 500 mM of acetic acid + 20 mM Tris + 2 mM 18‐crown‐6 (pH 3.3) in a capillary with id 50 μm and total length/length to the contactless conductivity detector of 10.5/8 cm. The injection and separation took place at a voltage of 5 kV and the separation time equaled 20 s. The measured values of the analyte contents corresponded to the value declared by the manufacturer within the reliability interval, where RSD equaled between 3.5 and 4.7%.     

酵素菌肥的金属元素营养分析

在磷酸根、硅酸根存在下以2％硝酸镧作机体改进剂,测定了酵素菌肥中多种金属元素的含量,各元素的平均回收率分别为：K98．69％,Ca100.37%,Mg97．81％,Na96．06％,Cu98．26％,Fe96．45％,Zn99．78％,Sr93．54％,Li94．22％。方法简便,快速可靠,肯定 酵素菌肥的金属元素营养价值。     

“常乐”稀土微肥对糯玉米冠层光合特性及产量的影响

在50,100,200,400,600,800 mg.kg-1浓度的"常乐"稀土微肥条件下,研究了其对糯玉米冠层叶的叶绿素含量、荧光参数及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,糯玉米授粉后棒三叶的叶绿素含量及荧光参数的增大幅度明显随常乐处理剂量的增大而呈规律性变化:即T1至T4处理不仅叶绿素含量呈现明显增大趋势,而当处理浓度为600 mg.L-1时叶绿素含量则表现下降,而且PSII的潜在活性(FV/F0)、光化学最大效率(FV/Fm)和量子效率(ΦPSII)亦表现出相似的规律;但PSII的光化学猝灭系数(qP)则随常乐处理浓度的增大,表现出先增后减的规律,优势明显并具有较高的光合速率,尤其是400 mg.kg-1光合功能强,籽粒产量最高达16320.0 kg.hm-2。另外,授粉后的生育期也对鲜食糯玉米冠层叶绿素荧光参数具有明显正效应,在授粉后16 d时,不同浓度"常乐"稀土微肥处理的鲜食糯玉米不同叶位叶光合速率最大。     

不同物理形态复合肥的激光诱导击穿光谱特性分析

为深入了解激光诱导击穿光谱技术应用于复合肥成分的检测机制,选用不同物理形态(粉状和颗粒状)的复合肥样品,在不同压力下制得片状样品进行实验,以分析不同物理形态复合肥样品的激光诱导击穿光谱特性。实验分别对比了0,0.5,2,4,6MPa下粉末和颗粒的N,P,K的等离子体光谱特性。研究结果表明,在压力较小时,两种形态样品的光谱特性存在较大差别,且颗粒状样品的谱线强度明显高于粉末状样品。而随着压力的增加,两者的光谱特性的差别逐渐减小。对于同一形态样品,随着压力的增加,各主要元素的特征谱线强度均呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势。     

全自动凯氏定氮仪测定化肥中的含氮量

建立全自动凯氏定氮仪检测化肥中氮含量的分析方法。称取总氮量在0.03~0.3 g范围的样品,经消解仪消解及全自动凯氏定氮仪碱化蒸馏,以硼酸为接收液,用0.15~0.20 mol/L的盐酸标准溶液进行自动滴定。该方法加标回收率为99.0%~101.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.0%(n=6)。与国标GB/T 8527–2010法测定结果无显著性差异,全自动凯式定氮仪法的准确度、精密度均优于国标方法,而且所用试剂少、分析时间短,满足实验室快速检测大批量化肥中含氮量的需要。     

不同比例有机无机肥配施条件下黑土富里酸荧光光谱特征

富里酸(FA)是土壤腐殖质的重要组成成分,是土壤腐殖化过程中的中间物质,其结构特性对提高土壤有机质具有重要的指示作用。有机无机肥配施是实现土壤培肥、秸秆资源利用、减少无机肥施用的有效措施。为探讨黑龙江省黑土区秸秆有机肥替代无机肥对土壤FA的影响,设置不施肥(CK)、单施无机肥(NPK)、有机肥替代无机氮肥25% (NPKM1)、有机肥替代无机氮肥50% (NPKM2)、有机肥替代无机氮肥75% (NPKM3)及有机肥替代无机氮肥100% (NPKM4)6个处理,测定土壤有机碳(SOC)和FA含量。利用荧光指数(FI)、自生源指数(BIX)表征土壤FA的来源,腐殖化指数(HIX)指示土壤的腐殖化程度。采用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法,分析土壤FA的荧光组分及最大荧光强度(F_max),并利用冗余分析(RDA)探讨荧光强度、土壤有机碳和试验处理间的响应关系。结果表明：与NPK处理相比,有机无机肥配施处理均显著提高了SOC和土壤FA含量,其中对NPKM2处理影响最大,SOC含量提高8.06%,土壤FA含量提高13.84%。土壤FA受自生源和外生源共同作用的影响(FI>1.4,0.8F_max值先升高后降低,类蛋白质F_max值逐渐降低。NPKM2处理类富里酸和类胡敏酸的F_max值最高,类富里酸的相对百分比最高。RDA结果表明NPKM2处理对SOC、土壤FA含量和F_max值的影响最大。因此,基于土壤FA荧光光谱特性分析可知,为提高土壤有机质含量、增加秸秆利用率、减施无机肥,秸秆有机肥替代无机氮肥50%处理为最佳有机无机肥配比。