全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9041篇 |
免费 | 1271篇 |
国内免费 | 1396篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 8029篇 |
晶体学 | 178篇 |
力学 | 313篇 |
综合类 | 58篇 |
数学 | 370篇 |
物理学 | 2760篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 19篇 |
2023年 | 109篇 |
2022年 | 255篇 |
2021年 | 312篇 |
2020年 | 362篇 |
2019年 | 318篇 |
2018年 | 314篇 |
2017年 | 375篇 |
2016年 | 493篇 |
2015年 | 422篇 |
2014年 | 537篇 |
2013年 | 1040篇 |
2012年 | 637篇 |
2011年 | 694篇 |
2010年 | 496篇 |
2009年 | 633篇 |
2008年 | 604篇 |
2007年 | 600篇 |
2006年 | 514篇 |
2005年 | 409篇 |
2004年 | 383篇 |
2003年 | 336篇 |
2002年 | 295篇 |
2001年 | 174篇 |
2000年 | 175篇 |
1999年 | 137篇 |
1998年 | 140篇 |
1997年 | 113篇 |
1996年 | 116篇 |
1995年 | 99篇 |
1994年 | 99篇 |
1993年 | 78篇 |
1992年 | 68篇 |
1991年 | 36篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
T.M. Mishonov N. Chéenne D. Robbes J.O. Indekeu 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,26(3):291-296
The generation of harmonics of the voltage response is considered when an AC current is applied through a superconducting
film above Tc. It is shown that almost at all temperatures the mechanism of the temperature oscillations created by the AC current and
the temperature dependence of the resistance dominates over the isothermal nonlinear electric conductivity. Only in a narrow
critical region close to Tc the latter is essential for the generation of the harmonics. A detailed investigation of harmonics generation provides an
accurate method for measuring the thermal boundary conductance between the film and the insulating substrate. The critical
behaviour of the third harmonic will give a new method for the determination of the lifetime of metastable Cooper pairs above
Tc. The comparison of the calculated fifth harmonics of the voltage with the experiment is proposed as an important test for
the applicability of the employed theoretical models.
Received 8 September 2001 相似文献
32.
This paper presents results of studies on dc electrical conductivity and transference number measurements on potassium bromate
(KBrO3) complexed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films prepared by solution cast technique. Temperature dependence of dc electrical conductivity
and transference number data indicated the dominance of ion type charge transport in these specimens. The magnitude of conductivity
increased with increase in concentration of the salt and temperature. Using this (PVC + KBrO3) electrolyte, solid-state electrochemical cells were fabricated, and their discharge profiles were studied under a constant
load of 100 kΩ. Several cell profiles such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, power density, and energy density
associated with these cells were evaluated and were reported. The features of complexation of the electrolytes were studied
by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Ionic Devices (ICID 2006), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Dec. 7–9, 2006 相似文献
33.
Jnos Szanyi Ja Hun Kwak Sarah Burton Jose A. Rodriguez Charles H.F. Peden 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2006,150(2-3):164-170
Adsorbed ionic NOx species formed upon the interaction of NO2 with dehydrated or hydrated Na- and Ba-Y, FAU zeolites were characterized using FT-IR/TPD, solid state NMR, and XANES techniques. NO2 disproportionates on both dehydrated catalyst materials forming NO+ and NO3− species. These ionic species are stabilized by their interactions with the negatively charged zeolite framework and the charge compensating cations (Na+ and Ba2+), respectively. Although the nature of the adsorbed NOx species formed on the two catalysts is similar, their thermal stabilities are strongly dependent on the charge compensating cations. In the presence of water in the channels of these zeolite materials new paths open for reactions between NO+ and H2O, and NO2 and H2O, resulting in significant changes in the adsorbed ionic species observed. These combined spectroscopic investigations afforded the understanding of the interactions between water and NO2 on these zeolite catalysts. 相似文献
34.
M. Battabyal 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2004,65(11):1895-1900
Thermal conductivity (λ) of nanocrystalline La1−xAgxMnO3 (x=0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.3) pellets prepared by pyrophoric method is reported between 10 and 300 K. Magnitude of thermal conductivity has been found to be strongly influenced by monovalent (Ag) substitution at the La site. Silver doping in LaMnO3 enhances TC of the system to ∼299 K. Qualitative nature of the temperature variation of thermal conductivity of the silver substituted lanthanum manganites remains closely similar to that for divalent doped systems. Our analysis demonstrates that in La1−xAgxMnO3 also, the mechanism of heat conduction is predominantly by phonons. The contribution of the electronic part is only ∼1% of the total λ. The spin wave contribution is also estimated close to TC, which for all the samples lies within ∼2%. At temperatures below ∼100 K, the measured data have been analyzed using phonon relaxation time method and the strengths of the various phonon scattering processes have been estimated. Our analysis further suggests strong influence of phonon scattering by 2D like defects in the thermal conductivity of monovalent doped lanthanum manganites at low temperatures (<70 K) in the ferromagnetic region. 相似文献
35.
36.
37.
The dependence of emission direction of fast electrons on the laser intensity has been investigated. The experimental results show that, at nonrelativistic laser intensities, the emission of fast electrons is mainly in the polarization plane. With the increase of the laser intensity, fast electrons emit towards the laser propagation direction from laser polarization direction. At relativistic laser intensities, fast electrons move away from the laser polarization plane, closely to the reflection direction of the incident laser beam. 相似文献
38.
Frequency dependence of ac conductivity from 1 to 105 Hz and time series of the conductivity at 2 kHz were measured along c-axis of thulium nitrate crystal, Tm(NO3)36H2O at temperatures from 203.15 to 293.15 K. The meta-stability was observed. The frequency spectra of the conductivity were similar to those in disorder system. Aging effect was observed. Non-periodic instability (burst) was found. Non-linear dynamical property was characterized by 1/f noise spectrum, limit cycle in return map and dependence of correlation exponent on embedding dimension. 相似文献
39.
X.X. Guo 《Surface science》2004,549(3):211-216
We studied parallel conductivities of pure BaF2 films with thicknesses ranging from 35 to 300 nm, epitaxially grown on Al2O3(0 1 2) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy technique. The overall conductivities of the films are found to increase with decreasing thickness. The detailed investigation of the overall conductance as a function of the thickness permits the deconvolution of bulk and boundary effects, the latter being attributed to distinct space charge effects in the interface between BaF2 film and Al2O3 substrate. The (extrinsic) Debye length (λ) is estimated to be about 8 nm at T=593 K, which corresponds to an impurity content of 1018/cm3 (singly ionized dopant assumed). This is consistent with the fact that we observed a constant boundary contribution for all investigated films (film thickness >4λ). It is also consistent with the Debye length observed in a previous report on CaF2/BaF2 heterolayers fabricated by the same technique, in which the low temperature enhancement was also attributed to space charges in BaF2 [Nature 408 (2000) 946]. Only at low temperatures (below 370 °C), the conductance seems to be influenced by strain effect. 相似文献
40.
Milind V. Kulkarni Annamraju Kasi Viswanath R. Marimuthu Tanay Seth 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(8):2043-2049
Spectroscopic [UV–visible and Fourier transform IR (FTIR)] and thermal properties of chemically synthesized polyanilines are found to be affected by varying the protonation media (acetic, citric, oxalic, and tartaric acid). The optical spectra show the presence of a greater fraction of fully oxidized insulating pernigraniline phase in polyaniline doped with acetic acid. In contrast, the selectivity in the formation of the conducting phase is higher in oxalic acid as a protonic acid media. The FTIR spectra of these polymers reveal a higher ratio of the relative intensities of the quinoid to benzenoid ring modes in acetic acid doped polyaniline. Scanning electron micrographs revealed a sponge‐like structure derived from the aggregation of the small granules in acetic acid and oxalic acid doped polyaniline. A three‐step decomposition pattern is observed in all the polymers, regardless of the protonic acid used for the doping. The second step loss related to the loss of dopant is found to be higher in the oxalic acid doped polymer. In accordance with these results the conductivity is also found to be higher in oxalic acid doped material. The temperature dependent conductivity measurements show the thermal activated behavior in all the polymers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2043–2049, 2004 相似文献