迁移型阻锈剂在既有混凝土结构中阻锈作用研究

通过内掺氯盐混凝土试件和既有混凝土结构中迁移型阻锈剂的修复试验, 结合钢筋自然电位、腐蚀面积率和失重率, 综合评价迁移型阻锈剂修复措施的阻锈效果. 研究结果表明: 涂刷、灌注、复合修复均能起到良好的阻锈效果, 其中复合修复阻锈效果最佳; 涂刷、灌注修复时, 若达不到亚硝酸根离子与氯离子临界摩尔比, 会引起宏电池腐蚀, 加速钢筋锈蚀; 磷酸氢二钠阻锈性能弱于亚硝酸钠, 但不发生宏电池腐蚀.     

生物质利用新途径:多元醇催化合成可再生燃料和化学品

日益严重的全球性能源和环境问题促使开发利用可再生的生物质资源成为当前研究的一个热点.本文概述了生物质基多元醇合成燃料和化学品来实现生物质转化利用的一些最新进展,特别是集中介绍了甘油和山梨醇等多元醇催化水相重整合成氢气和液体烃等燃料、催化选择氢解和氧化合成高附加值化学品或化学中间体等方面的进展,分析了存在的问题和可能的解决措施以及今后的发展趋势,指出生物质基多元醇将成为今后合成可再生燃料和化学品的新型平台分子.     

HPLC-NMR在化学品检测中的应用前景

简要介绍高效液相色谱-核磁共振(HPLC-NMR)联用技术。综述了目前HPLC-NMR联用技术在药物代谢研究,天然产物分析以及食品分析等方面的应用。展望了HPLC-NMR在化学品分类鉴定中的应用前景。     

既有铁路钢桥剩余疲劳寿命的概率性评估

中国铁路线上大量既有钢桥承受着日益繁重的交通荷载,其疲劳剩余寿命与使用安全已受到桥梁管理部门的高度重视,为避免不必要的维护与更换,应建立合理的既有钢桥使用安全评估方法。在建立能反映铆接钢桥疲劳破坏机理的脆断和韧断概率失效模型基础上,给出了疲劳可靠性分析的极限状态方程,并合理确定了随机变量的参数取值。建立了铆接钢桥构件双角钢概率疲劳破坏模型,基于Monte Carlo算法实现了铆接钢桥构件双角钢疲劳断裂失效概率的计算,编制了相应的概率断裂分析程序DAPFF。进而将概率断裂力学评估方法应用于京九线赣江桥的时变疲劳可靠度分析,并给出了赣江桥概率疲劳剩余寿命评估结果与维护对策。     

能量色散X射线散射结合主成分分析对液体易制毒化学品的探测与鉴别分类

采用能量色散X射线散射(EDXRS)技术探测了8种液体易制毒化学品的X射线散射光谱, 结果显示液体易制毒物质具有各自特征的EDXRS散射图谱. 将液体易制毒化学品的EDXRS散射信息与主成分分析结合, 发现前2个主成分可以表达X射线散射光谱的主要信息, 在PC1～PC2得分分布图上可将液体易制毒化学品进行分类. 研究结果表明, EDXRS光谱技术结合主成分分析法可以实现探测、 鉴别分类液体易制毒化学品, 为隐藏液体易制毒化学品的监管控制提供一个可行的鉴别方法.     

树脂吸附法处理有毒有机化工废水及其资源化研究

介绍了大孔树脂的发展及在有机化工废水处理及资源化领域的应用,包括大孔树脂的合成、吸附作用的基本原理以及在具体化工废水处理项目（如2,3-酸、对硝基酚等）的应用。     

Photodegradation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals by ZnO Nanorod Arrays

ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) were synthesized via magnetron sputtering and a low temperature aqueous solution growth in a short period time. The morphology and crystal structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ZnO NRAs were applied to conduct photo degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and bisphenol A (BPA). The results indicate that ZnO NRAs exhibited different performances in dealing with various EDCs but do not have selectivity for a multicomponent mixture.     

Survey of low-level endocrine disrupting pesticides in food matrices in Slovakia

The search on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in non-fatty food was evaluated. A fast, high-throughput, accurate, multiresidue method for the analysis of selected EDC pesticides in fruit and vegetable food samples was developed. The QuEChERS technique was used for sample preparation. Fast GC-MS was performed with a narrow-bore capillary column and a quadrupole benchtop detector with electron ionization (EI) and negative chemical ionization (NCI). A part of the work was devoted to the comparison of NCI versus EI approach concerning the sensitivity of detection and to the study of selectivity enhancement in NCI mode. Matrix-matched standard solutions were utilized for calibration. The methods validation was performed. Fortification studies at 1, 5, 10 and 250?µg?kg^?1 for 35 pesticides in EI mode and 0.1, 1, 5 and 250?µg?kg^?1 for 28 pesticides in NCI mode were performed. Average recoveries for each fortification level ranged from 70 to 110% with >80% of recoveries between 90 and 110%. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were established at 5?µg?kg^?1 for EI and at 1?µg?kg^?1 for NCI mode, which is lower than the lowest maximum residue level (MRL) value set by the European Commission in fruit and vegetables. The developed and validated fast GC-MS method was successfully applied to the search of EDC pesticides at ultratrace concentration level in real fruit and vegetable samples in Slovakia. Thirty-four samples of 20 different commodities were analyzed. Seven samples contained residues of three or more EDCs pesticides.