HPLC-NMR在化学品检测中的应用前景

简要介绍高效液相色谱-核磁共振(HPLC-NMR)联用技术。综述了目前HPLC-NMR联用技术在药物代谢研究,天然产物分析以及食品分析等方面的应用。展望了HPLC-NMR在化学品分类鉴定中的应用前景。     

舌尖上的化学之麻婆豆腐

民以食为天,麻婆豆腐作为一道有上百年历史、风靡世界的川菜美食,深受人们喜爱。以麻婆豆腐的制作步骤为线,介绍了4个重要烹饪阶段:肉臊炒制、底料炒制、红烧调色、勾芡收汁中发生的化学变化与消失或者新产生的风味化学物质,让学生进一步感受化学与生活的紧密联系,增强化学的学习兴趣。     

Solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Current applications and future perspectives

Sample preparation is one of the crucial steps in the analytical chemistry including human biomonitoring studies. Although there are several traditional approaches available, solid‐phase microextraction is emerged as one of the pioneering techniques due to its simplicity, rapidness, wide applicability, and miniaturization of traditional sample preparation (e.g., use of less or no organic solvents). There are few earlier review articles available on the advancements in solid‐phase microextraction and its use for the measurement of environmental chemicals in various types of environmental samples. However, a collective information on applicability and current usage of solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals are scarce, nonetheless, rising demands on innovative analytical approaches for human biomonitoring studies. Hence, in this review article, we covered the application of solid‐phase microextraction as extraction/purification methods for more than 15 classes of environmental chemicals to assess their respective exposure levels and associated health outcomes in various human population reported across the globe. Further, a detailed discussion on various types of matrix used, nature of coupled analytical instrumentations, and limitations and future perspectives of solid‐phase microextraction for human biomonitoring studies is presented in this review.     

对中学化学实验室废弃危化品管理的思考

就“天津危化品大爆炸”引发对中学化学实验室废弃危化品的思考,深入剖析了中学化学实验室废弃危化品产生的原因、特征、现状,应引起相关部门的高度重视。并结合中学的实际情况,从培训制度、管理制度、数据库、回收机制、合作关系、招标条件等方面提出一些有效建议。     

精细化学品复配技术应当受到化工人的高度重视——开设精细化学品配方设计课程之思索

精细化学品已成为当今世界化工市场的竞争热点,对从事新产品开发的化工职业人来说,其复配技术更是体现其技能水平的标尺之一。面向21世纪的化学化工专业学生开设精细化学品配方设计课程具有深刻的职业技能培训和工程化教育意义。本文简介了由作者编著、化学工业出版社出版的同名高等学校教材,推介了该课程教学过程中实施的新颖考查形式和要求。     

Comparison of different reactive organophosphorus flame retardant agents for cotton. Part II: Fabric flame resistant performance and physical properties

N-Methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (MDPA) is one of the most commonly used durable flame retardant agents for cotton. In our previous research, we developed a new flame retardant finishing system based on a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) and bonding agents, such as dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and trimethylolmelamine (TMM). In this research, we compared the flame resistant performance as well as physical properties of the cotton fabric treated with these two flame retardant finishing systems. The cotton fabric treated with MDPA/TMM has a higher initial limiting oxygen index (LOI) than that of the fabric treated with HFPO/TMM due to higher nitrogen content in the system. The LOI of the cotton fabric treated with the HFPO and MDPA systems becomes identical when the treated fabric contains equal amount of phosphorus and nitrogen. The MDPA/TMM shows higher laundering durability on cotton than HFPO/TMM system. The fabric treated with HFPO/TMM and MDPA/TMM has low wrinkle resistance and low strength loss whereas the fabric stiffness significantly increases when the TMM concentration is increased.     

Identification of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals using a Virus‐Based Colorimetric Sensor

A simple and portable colorimetric sensor based on M13 bacteriophage (phage) was devised to identify a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals, including benzene, phthalate, and chlorobenzene derivatives. Arrays of structurally and genetically modified M13 bacteriophage were fabricated so as to produce a biomimetic colorimetric sensor, and color changes in the phage arrays in response to several benzene derivatives were characterized. The sensor was also used to classify phthalate and chlorobenzene derivatives as representatives of endocrine disrupting chemicals. The characteristic color patterns obtained on exposure to various benzene derivatives enabled similar chemical structures in the vapor phase to be classified. Our sensing approach based on the use of a genetically surface modified M13 bacteriophage offers a promising platform for portable, simple environmental monitors that could be extended for use in numerous application areas, including food monitoring, security monitoring, explosive risk assessment, and point of care testing.     

生物质利用新途径:多元醇催化合成可再生燃料和化学品

日益严重的全球性能源和环境问题促使开发利用可再生的生物质资源成为当前研究的一个热点.本文概述了生物质基多元醇合成燃料和化学品来实现生物质转化利用的一些最新进展,特别是集中介绍了甘油和山梨醇等多元醇催化水相重整合成氢气和液体烃等燃料、催化选择氢解和氧化合成高附加值化学品或化学中间体等方面的进展,分析了存在的问题和可能的解决措施以及今后的发展趋势,指出生物质基多元醇将成为今后合成可再生燃料和化学品的新型平台分子.     

TG Evolved Gas Analysis Using ATD Sample Tubes

A new variation of off-line TG evolved gas analysis is reported here. Gas collection is done by inserting sample tubes filled with a suitable adsorbent, into the exhaust from the TG instrument. The following gas analysis is carried out by placing the sample tubes into a commercial thermal desorption unit which is coupled to a GC/MS. In this way, both a chromatographic separation of components as well as a mass spectral identification are obtained. Two examples from the analysis of production chemicals demonstrate the usefulness of this approach. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Catalytic applications of hydrotalcite-like materials and their derived forms

Hydrotalcite-like (HT-like) materials have been studied extensively in the last three decades. Although these materials initially perceived as potential anion exchangers, unrelenting efforts have also been attempted to use them as catalytic materials or as catalytic supports. There are varied ways by which one can use them for catalysis viz.; 1. Use them in as-synthesized form 2. Use them after calcining where the structural integrity of layered lattice is lost 3. Use the interlayer as functional spaces with moieties of catalytic interest 4. Use them after destruction or delamination and restructuring and 5. Use them as support or matrix. In this review, we are reporting the catalytic applications of HT-like materials and their derived forms carried out in our research group for the last 15 years in these various ways, covering reactions such as nitrous oxide decomposition, selective oxidation of organic compounds of industrial relevance and base-catalyzed isomerization of chemicals of perfumery interest. Although this review primarily focuses on our work, wherever applicable, related or relevant works from other groups are also presented to bestow comprehensiveness.