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11.
L. A. Utracki 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(15):2909-2915
The Simha and Somcynsky (S–S) statistical thermodynamics theory was used to compute the solubility parameters as a function of temperature and pressure [δ = δ(T, P)], for a series of polymer melts. The characteristic scaling parameters required for this task, P*, T*, and V*, were extracted from the pressure–temperature–volume (PVT) data. To determine the potential polymer–polymer miscibility, the dependence of δ versus T (at ambient pressure) was computed for 17 polymers. Close proximity of the δ versus T curves for four miscible polymer pairs: PPE/PS, PS/PVME, and PC/PMMA signaled the usefulness of this approach. It is noteworthy, that the tabulated solubility parameters (derived from the solution data under ambient conditions) propounded the immiscibility of the PVC/PVAc pair. The computed values of δ also suggested miscibility for polymer pairs of unknown miscibility, namely PPE/PVC, PPE/PVAc, and PET/PSF. In recognizing the limitations of the solubility parameter approach (the omission of several thermodynamic contributions), these preliminary results are auspicious because they indicate a new route for estimating the miscibility of any polymeric material at a given temperature and pressure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2909–2915, 2004 相似文献
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The Modeling of Velocity Enhancement in Polymer Flooding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In single-phase polymer flooding experiments it has repeatedly been observed that the average velocity of the polymer molecules is higher than the average velocity of the water molecules. This effect is incorporated in many conventional Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) simulators by the introduction of a constant velocity enhancement factor. In this paper we show that, in absence of dispersion, a constant enhancement factor in the mathematical model for two-phase polymer flow (Buckley--Leverett displacement) leads to ill-posedness of the model equations. We propose a saturation dependent enhancement factor, derived from a model based on percolation concepts, for which this problem does not occur. 相似文献
14.
This study has investigated the effect of shelf aging, for up to one year in air, on the properties of gamma-irradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). A variety of techniques were used to characterize the properties of treated samples. Differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) was used to characterize the morphology. The extent of cross-linking in a polymer network was detected by swelling measurements. The durometer hardness test was used to measure the relative hardness of this material, and changes in density were also measured. Results from all these measurements were combined to explain the changes in the microstructure of the aged, irradiated UHMWPE. This study shows that crystallinity is increased with radiation dose and with aging due to chain scission, which leads to a reduction in the molecular weight of the material. This allows the chains to rearrange to form crystalline regions. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy confirms these conclusions. Fractional free volumes have been deduced from lifetime parameters, which correlate with the data obtained by the other techniques. 相似文献
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16.
Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt 《Central European Journal of Operations Research》2006,14(3):289-298
It is routine to demonstrate in the exchange economy framework that small changes of individual preferences and endowments always result in small changes of the derived excess demand functions as one should expect. Though being as desirable for reasons of the consistency of the whole approach, however, a precise proof of the converse direction so far is still open to question. The present paper shows that it is actually true. We use a decomposition method for aggregate excess demand functions developed by Mas-Colell which is derived from the well-known decomposition method developed by Sonnenschein and perfected by Debreu and Mantel. Our result fills in a notorious gap in the line of economic justification usually given for this decomposition, or disaggregation, method in that comparative static analysis would be restricted if the decomposition of excess demand functions would not be continuous. 相似文献
17.
3d-metal antimonides: Fe1+x Sb, N+x Sb, Co+x Sb and the (Ni1?y Fe y )Sb solid solution have been studied by the Mössbauer effect method at 57Fe and 119Sn. It was found that the quadrupole interactions at the Fe and Sn nucleus in 3d-metal antimonides are very sensitive to the filling of different crystallographic sites with metal atoms. The metal atoms in trigonal-bipyramidal sites have a strong effect on the quadrupole splitting of 119Sn. They are nearest to anions (Sb or Sn) with the typical axial ratio of c/a = 1.25. The QS(x) dependence of 119 Sn in 3d-metal antimonides in the 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1 concentration range can be used to determine x – the concentration of transition metal excess relative to the stoichiometric composition. 相似文献
18.
The major goal of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that stock returns and return volatility are asymmetric, threshold nonlinear, functions of change in trading volume. A minor goal is to examine whether return spillover effects also display such asymmetry. Employing a double-threshold GARCH model with trading volume as a threshold variable, we find strong evidence supporting this hypothesis in five international market return series. Asymmetric causality tests lend further support to our trading volume threshold model and conclusions. Specifically, an increase in volume is positively associated, while decreasing volume is negatively associated, with the major price index in four of the five markets. The volatility of each series also displays an asymmetric reaction, four of the markets display higher volatility following increases in trading volume. Using posterior odds ratio, the proposed threshold model is strongly favored in three of the five markets, compared to a US news double threshold GARCH model and a symmetric GARCH model. We also find significant nonlinear asymmetric return spillover effects from the US market. 相似文献
19.
Weaving is a matrix construction developed in 1990 for the purpose of obtaining new weighing matrices. Hadamard matrices obtained by weaving have the same orders as those obtained using the Kronecker product, but weaving affords greater control over the internal structure of matrices constructed, leading to many new Hadamard equivalence classes among these known orders. It is known that different classes of Hadamard matrices may have different maximum excess. We explain why those classes with smaller excess may be of interest, apply the method of weaving to explore this question, and obtain constructions for new Hadamard matrices with maximum excess in their respective classes. With this method, we are also able to construct Hadamard matrices of near‐maximal excess with ease, in orders too large for other by‐hand constructions to be of much value. We obtain new lower bounds for the maximum excess among Hadamard matrices in some orders by constructing candidates for the largest excess. For example, we construct a Hadamard matrix with excess 1408 in order 128, larger than all previously known values. We obtain classes of Hadamard matrices of order 96 with maximum excess 912 and 920, which demonstrates that the maximum excess for classes of that order may assume at least three different values. Since the excess of a woven Hadamard matrix is determined by the row sums of the matrices used to weave it, we also investigate the properties of row sums of Hadamard matrices and give lists of them in small orders. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 12: 233–255, 2004. 相似文献
20.
杨青 《高等学校计算数学学报(英文版)》2003,12(2)
The mathematical model of semiconductor devices is described by the initial boundary value problem of a system of three nonlinear partial differential equations. One equation in elliptic form is for the electrostatic potential; two equations of convection-dominated diffusion type are for the electron and hole concentrations. Finite volume element procedure are put forward for the electrostatic potential, while upwind 相似文献