三维内肋管内插入螺旋扭带的强化传热实验

本文分别以水和乙二醇为工质，在Ｒｅ数范围为：６００～４００００，Ｐｒ数范围为：５．５～１１０之间，对四根分别插入三种不同扭率螺旋扭带的三维内助管内的换热和流阻特性进行了实验研究。结果表明：三维内肋管内加装扭带的强化传热技术适用于低Ｒｅ数下高Ｐｒ数工质的管内对流换热强化。根据实验值得到了流阻和换热关联式。     

厚翅片管内流体流动和传热的数值分析

本文应用Ｐａｔａｎｋａｒ等人［１］研究薄翅片管的湍流模型，对一种工业化的厚翅片管内的流体流动和传热进行了数值分析。计算范围包括了层流和湍流（Ｒｅ＝１０１～１０６），所得计算结果与较窄范围内实验所测的传热与阻力数据相当符合，本计算结果具有较大的推广价值。     

热传导对气-液射流界面不稳定性的作用机理研究

研究了平面分层气-液射流在非线性温度分布条件下的界面不稳定性性质.考虑了气体的可压缩性、液体的粘性、以及气体热导率和密度随温度变化等事实.并应用正则模态方法将问题转化为四阶变系数常微分方程,用数值积分和多重打靶法对模型的空间模式进行了计算,研究了不稳定模态随各物理参量的变化趋势.计算表明模型所体现的不稳定性特征与其它模型的计算结果是一致的.同时计算还得出气体和液体的温差越小、雷诺数越大、热导率变大均将有利于液体射流有效雾化的结果.该结论与HJE.Co.Inc(Glens Falls,NY,USA)的实验数据是定性吻合的.     

多孔细径微肋管内CO2流动蒸发换热特性的研究

对亚临界二氧化碳在带有微肋的微细通道内的蒸发换热特性进行了实验研究.实验段为长0.6 m,内径1.7 mm的八孔带0.16 mm高微肋的铝制扁管.实验中参数的变化为:蒸发温度1～15 ℃,质量流速100～300 kg/m2s,热流密度1.67～8.33 kW/m2,干度0.1～0.9.实验结果表明,二氧化碳在带有微肋的微细通道中的蒸发换热系数高于其在光滑微细通道内的换热.二氧化碳的流动蒸发换热系数主要受热流密度和蒸发温度的影响,基本上是换热系数随热流密度及蒸发温度的增加而增加,但同时临界干度前移及滞后,而质量流速对换热系数的影响较弱;压力损失随质量流速和热流密度的增加以及蒸发温度的降低而增加.     

高压下AuCu3热动力学性质的第一性原理研究

利用平面波赝势密度泛函理论研究了AuCu3的结构性质,得到了晶格常数a、体弹模量 、体弹模量对压强的一阶导数 ,计算结果与实验值相吻合。通过准谐德拜模型成功地获得了高温高压下AuCu3的状态方程、热膨胀系数、热容及德拜温度。     

室温磁制冷主动式磁蓄冷器数值模拟

提出了一个研究工作参数、设计参数对主动式磁蓄冷器(AMR)制冷性能影响的数值模型。三个主要参数包括:质量流量m、频率f、蓄冷器孔隙率ε,被用来表征AMR的制冷能力。数值模拟的结果表明:对一个AMR而言,存在一个最佳孔隙率;在某一确定孔隙率条件下,AMR存在最佳换热流体质量流量和最佳工作频率;与高频相比,AMR在较低频率下有更好的制冷性能,一味提高频率并不一定能提高AMR的制冷量。模拟结果对磁制冷样机的设计、工作参数的选择有很大的指导意义。     

Zeroth and second laws of thermodynamics simultaneously questioned in the quantum microworld

A new and rather trivial model is suggested with mechanism that implies simultaneous violation of the zeroth and the second laws of thermodynamics. Mathematically rigorous quantum theory reduces to a trivial application of the Golden rule formula. It yields exciton on-energy-shell diffusion caused by bath-nonassisted excitation hopping between tails of different exciton site levels ε₁ < ε₂ broadened by bath-assisted finite life-time effects. The elastic character of the hopping implies 1 ↔ 2-symmetric transfer rate W. Thus the net diffusion exciton flow W(P ₁ - P ₂) and also, as argued, the net energy flow are possible due to different near-to-equilibrium exciton populations P ₁ > P ₂. As the sites are provided with two different baths, the population imbalance and the flows survive even for slightly different local bath temperatures T ₁ < T ₂ < T ₁ε₂/ε₁. Thus spontaneous exciton and also energy flows against temperature step become possible, in contradiction with the Clausius form of the second law. Violations of both the laws disappear in the high-temperature, i.e. classical limit Received 16 May 2001 and Received in final form 20 September 2001     

Temperature Evolution During Radiative Gravitational Collapse

We investigate the evolution of the temperature profile of a Friedmann-like collapsing sphere undergoing dissipative gravitational collapse in the form of a radial heat flux. We further consider the behavior of the star close to quasi-static equilibrium (weak heat flux approximation) and show that relaxational effects cannot be ignored. It is explicitly shown that extended irreversible thermodynamics predict a higher temperature at all interior points of the stellar configuration compared to the Eckart theory. These results carry over to the weak heat flux approximation with the magnitude of the temperature being lower than the full radiating model. The stability of the model after its departure from equilibrium is studied by considering the behavior of the control parameter throughout the stellar interior.     

Measurement of Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Ultraviolet-Absorbing Substance Extracted from Red Alga: Porphyra yezoensis and its Photothermal Spectroscopy

Optical properties of an ultraviolet-absorbing substance (UVAS) extracted from the marine red alga, Porphyra yezoensis, have been investigated. The substance is excited by UV light, and the emitted fluorescence is detected using an intelligent fluorescence detector. The fluorescence of UVAS is weaker by four orders of magnitude than the fluorescence intensity emitted by anthracene in the same optical system. The absorbed energy is apparently not transferred to the photosynthesis process and is believed to be consumed as heat. Using photothermal spectroscopy, a signal is observed indicating that the absorbed photon energy has transferred to the heat. The waveform of the photothermal signal of UVAS is similar to that of quinoxaline, whose fluorescence quantum yield is known to be zero. It is determined that the fluorescence quantum yield and the energy of the triplet state of UVAS are 1.7 ± 0.7 ± 10⁻⁴ and 21000 ± 1000 cm ⁻¹, respectively. The conclusion is that the excited molecules of UVAS decay by passing through the triplet state and dissipate all absorbed energy as heat.     

回旋管输出窗热性质的研究

一、引 言 输出窗是回旋管的能量输出端口,它的特性直接影响到回旋管的性能和寿命。输出窗的设计包括电特性和热特性的研究。当输出功率增加时,热特性的研究变得非常重要以便寻求合理有效的冷却措施。 输出窗由波导和介质片(块)两部分组成。回旋管的输出波导是圆波导,介质一般做成