Indium tin oxide sol-gel precursor conversion process using the third harmonics of Nd:YAG laser

We use the third harmonics of Nd:YAG laser (λ = 355 nm) for simultaneous precursor conversion and dopant activation on sol-gel ITO thin films at a laser fluence range of 700-1000 mJ/cm². A minimum resistivity of 5.37 × 10⁻² Ω-cm with a corresponding carrier concentration of 6 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³ is achieved at laser irradiation fluence of 900 mJ/cm². X-ray photoelectron analysis reveals that extremely high tin concentration of 19.4 at.% and above is presented in the laser-cured ITO thin films compared with 8.7 at.% in the 500 °C thermally cured counterpart. These excess tin-ions form complex defects, which contribute no free carriers but act as scattering centers, causing inferior electrical properties of the laser-cured films in comparison with the thermally cured ones.     

石墨改性环氧树脂抗强激光辐照性能

 在激光硬杀伤防护体系研究中,制备了鳞片石墨改性环氧树脂涂层,分析了它与辐照激光能量耦合作用规律,研究了其热烧蚀性能、隔热性能等抗激光辐照性能,并对不同参数激光辐照后该材料的损伤形貌进行宏观、微观分析,确定了损伤阈值与损伤形式。实验结果表明：石墨改性环氧树脂具有优良的抗强激光辐照性能,连续激光辐照下功率密度损伤阈值高于2 kW/cm²;高温下与激光能量耦合系数仅为10%左右,稳定热烧蚀率低至μg/J量级;具备优良的纵向隔热性能,高温下热导率在10 W·K^-1·m^-1以下;低功率密度激光辐照下损伤形式为轻微氧化,高功率密度激光辐照下则以汽化烧蚀为主;材料制备工艺简单,成本低廉,与被加固材料界面结合良好。     

羧甲基壳聚糖修饰的开管毛细管电色谱柱的制备与表征

以γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂,将羧甲基壳聚糖键合至毛细管内壁上。对毛细管预处理、硅烷化以及羧甲基壳聚糖键合反应参数进行了优化,考察了开管柱内表面结构形貌、电渗流、重现性和电色谱分离性能。扫描电镜图显示羧甲基壳聚糖均匀地键合在毛细管内表面。调节流动相的pH值可产生正向和反向电渗流,电渗流的相对标准偏差(RSD): 日内小于0.8%(n=6)、日间小于3.5%(n=3)、同一批次间小于4.3%(n=3)、不同批次柱间小于6.1%(n=3),重现性较好。4种核苷酸(腺嘌呤核苷酸、鸟嘌呤核苷酸、胞嘧啶核苷酸、尿嘧啶核苷酸)在修饰后的毛细管电色谱柱上得到了较好的分离,柱效达到36000～182000 塔板/m。结果表明,所建立的开管柱制备方法简单有效、稳定性好。     

Organic‐montmorillonite modified shape memory epoxy composite

A series of organic‐montmorillonite (OMMT) modified shape memory epoxy (SMEP) composites were prepared for the purpose of application on space deployable structures. Tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and fold‐deploy shape memory test methods were used to characterize the mechanical, structure, and shape memory properties of these materials. The results showed addition of OMMT could improve the composites' toughness, tensile strength, transition temperature, and shape recovery speed, while shape recovery ratio was unaffected. Composite with 3wt%. OMMT had the optimum combination property. It could fully recover its original shape in about 2 min at 185°C under the maximum bending angle of 180°. Its elongation at break and tensile strength were increased by 835 and 17.4%, respectively, compared to that of neat SMEP. The transition temperature also slightly increased. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermally conductive and electrically insulative nanocomposites based on hyperbranched epoxy and nano‐Al2O3 particles modified epoxy resin

Novel epoxy nanocomposites based on a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy, an epoxy functionalized hyperbranched polymer (HTTE) and nano‐Al₂O₃ were synthesized with the aim of determining the effect of the nano‐Al₂O₃ particles and HTTE on the structure and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. The mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, bulk resistivity, and thermal stability of the nano‐Al₂O₃/HTTE/DGEBA ternary composites were evaluated and compared with the corresponding matrix. The improvement in impact properties of these nanocomposites was explained in terms of fracture surface analysis by SEM. The results indicate that the incorporation of nanoparticles and hyperbranched epoxy effectively improved the toughness of epoxy composites without sacrificing thermal conductivity and bulk resistivity compared to the neat epoxy and Al₂O₃/DGEBA, obtaining a well dispersion of nanoparticles in epoxy matrix and solving the drawbacks for single fillers filled epoxy nanocomposite. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Curing kinetics,thermal, mechanical,and dielectric properties based on o‐cresol formaldehyde epoxy resin with polyhedral oligomeric (N‐aminoethyl‐γ‐amino propyl)silsesquioxane

The curing reaction and kinetics of o‐cresol formaldehyde epoxy resin (o‐CFER) with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane of N‐aminoethyl‐γ‐amino propyl group (AEAP‐POSS) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of o‐CFER/AEAP‐POSS nanocomposites were investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), torsional braid analysis (TBA), tensile tester, impact tester, and electric analyzer, respectively. The results show that the activation energy (E) of curing reaction is 58.08 kJ/mol, and the curing reaction well followed the ?esták‐Berggren (S‐B) autocatalytic model. The glass transition temperature (T_g) increases with the increase in AEAP‐POSS content, and reaches the maximum, 107°C, when the molar ratio (N_s) of amino group to epoxy group is 0.5. The nanocomposites containing a higher percentage of AEAP‐POSS exhibited a higher thermostability. The AEAP‐POSS can effectively increase the mechanical properties of epoxy resin, and the tensile and impact strengths are 2.84 MPa and 143.25 kJ m^?2, respectively, when N_s is 0.5. The dielectric constant (ε), dielectric loss factor (tan δ), volume resistivity (ρ_v), and surface resistivity (ρ_s) are 4.98, 3.11 × 10^?4, 3.17 × 10¹² Ω cm³, and 1.41 × 10¹² Ω cm², respectively, similarly at N_s 0.5. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on collimation and shielding of the back-streaming neutrons at the CSNS target

The back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target at CSNS are very intense, and can pose serious damage problems for the devices in the accelerator-target interface region. To tackle the problems, a possible scheme for this region was studied, namely a specially designed optics for the proton beam line produces two beam waists, and two collimators are placed at the two waist positions to maximize the collimation effect of the back-streaming neutrons. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations with the beams in the two different CSNS phases show the effectiveness of the collimation system, and the radiation dose rate decreases largely in the interface section. This can ensure the use of epoxy coils for the last magnets and other devices in the beam transport line with reasonable lifetimes, e.g., thirty years. The design philosophy for such an accelerator-target interface region can also be applicable to other high-power proton beam applications.     

Phase Separation in Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)-Epoxy Blend

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin was modified with high molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Morphological variations of a 2 wt% PMMA-modified epoxy mixture were studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A PMMA-epoxy blend cured at 100°C revealed that a secondary phase morphology was observed in both epoxy and PMMA phases from the early stages of the phase separation process. A morphology consisting of a rough striated continuous phase along with large smooth regions was observed by SEM, confirming the secondary phase separation. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed that the PMMA modification of epoxy at such a low PMMA concentration of 2 wt% has no major influence on the glass transition temperature of the epoxy-rich phase. The PMMA-epoxy blend showed a slight increase in the flexural properties and the fracture toughness.     

Photoluminescence enhancement from the defects state formed by neutron/gamma mixed irradiation in an epoxy resin for LED applications

ABSTRACT

In the framework of the ICERR (International CEntres based on Research Reactors) project, the effect of neutron/gamma irradiation on material has been studied. In this work, we investigate the mixed neutron/gamma irradiation effects on the optical properties of epoxy resin polymers. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements are used in epoxy resin films irradiated in the dose range from 0 to 900?Gy. For more information about the carriers dynamics, we studied their activation energy and phononic processes through the analysis of the PL spectrum evolution as a function of temperature. Mostly, materials irradiation studies by ionizing sources show a generation of defects and subsequently lead to the damage and degradation on the different properties. In this study we have shown an advantage of neutron/gamma irradiation, it is the improvement of the luminescence properties. The 500?Gy dose has the highest quantum yield at low temperature. But the 600?Gy dose shows the highest yield at room temperature. For the 500?Gy dose, the neutron/gamma treatment mainly favored the activation of carriers from lower to higher levels. On the other side with the 600?Gy dose, there was a combination between the activation of carriers from lower to higher levels and the ionization of trapped electrons in the defects centers.