PCA-LVQ法及其在RS-FTIR大气环境监测数据处理中的应用

将主成分分析(PCA)用于遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱(Remote Sensing Fourier Transform Infrared:RS-FTIR)的特征提取,结合学习矢量量化(LVQ)神经网络,实现了PCA-LVQ对大气中的8组分混合体系进行快速定性分析的建模方法。并与单纯的LVQ神经网络、反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)得到的结果进行了比较。PCA-LVQ显示出较好的处理数据的能力,它不仅提高了运算速度,而且提高了模型的预测准确度,分类精度达到91.7%。PCA-LVQ的这一预测精度及运算速度,足以满足遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱对大气中有毒气体的实时、在线监测的需要。     

环境空气中含氯化合物监测装置的研制

利用火焰光度原理研制了环境空气中含氯化合物的监测装置,介绍装置的组成、工作原理、系统结构和工作参数。利用该装置监测环境空气中含氯化合物,具有精度高、快速、简便等优点。     

新型生态环境替代材料

环境材料是指与环境相协调或具有环境意识的材料,其特点是对资源和能量消耗少,环境污染小,再生利用率高,同时又具有优异使用性能.用环境负荷小的材料替代环境负荷大的材料是21世纪新型生态环境材料应用开发的重要内容.本文重点介绍替代氟里昂的制冷材料、替代含磷洗涤剂材料、替代建筑用石棉材料以及新型环境相容性材料的研究和应用进展.     

水体溶解有机物的激光诱导荧光与浊度的激光散射实验研究

以Nd：YAG的二倍频532 nm激光为激发光源,用激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法对几种不同水体中溶解有机物(DOM)和叶绿素a(Chl-a)的荧光光谱进行了测量和分析;并以水体对532 nm激发光的散射进行了水体浊度特性的研究,给出了散射光强度与浊度的关系曲线;研究结果表明,用此种方法测量水体浊度和污染物浓度可对水体质量进行有效的监测。     

洁净煤技术方兴未艾——我国煤炭工业的绿色化学技术

洁净煤技术,是指从煤炭开发到利用的全过程中,旨在减少污染排放与提高利用效率的加工、燃烧、转化及污染控制等新技术。主要包括“煤的有机硫脱除技术”、“煤的气化技术”和“煤的液化技术”等内容。洁净煤技术的开发与利用,是本世纪我国实施可持续发展战略的重要的绿色化学工程之一,对弘扬可持续发展文化,促进人类社会进步,以及国民经济的昌盛繁荣和环境建设等具有十分重要的意义。     

色谱专家系统的应用和发展

随着科学技术的发展,色谱专家系统作为一种人工智能方法亦在不断发展,并在实际工作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。该文综述了作者的研究小组在色谱专家系统研究方面的进展,重点介绍从研究气相色谱专家系统开始,到应用色谱专家系统的思想,运用气相色谱、液相色谱和毛细管电泳新技术解决石化、环境、疾病诊断、基因分析和药物分析等领域实际问题的工作。引用相关文献64篇。     

Quality assurance in biological monitoring of environmental exposure to pollutants: from reference materials to external quality assessment schemes

The presence of chemicals in the environment is a matter of concern in that it poses potential health risks. At present, exposure to toxic chemicals and their biological and biochemical effects can be better estimated by biological monitoring, through the systematic collection of specimens from potentially exposed humans. Biological monitoring of human exposure to environmental pollutants is hampered by the difficulty to assess data reliability. As a consequence, the validity of biological monitoring should depend on the strict implementation of a quality assurance (QA) program, which includes a series of procedures aiming to ensure that laboratory results meet defined standards of quality and are reliable. For the validation and monitoring of methods’ performance, to ensure the trueness of measurements and to warrant the traceability to international standards, reference materials (RMs) and certified reference materials should be used. Internal quality control and external quality assessment (EQA) are part of overall QA and are carried out to verify that analytical errors are compatible with the specific requirements or needs of the user. In particular EQA schemes (EQAS) allow to test independently the analytical performance of participating laboratories. In the last decades, increasing concern has been raised by urban air pollution; lead and benzene, two gasoline components released by motor vehicle exhausts, are known to be toxic to humans. For biological monitoring of lead exposure of the general population, screening campaigns, utilizing lead in blood as a biomarker, have been carried out since the 1970s. Strict strategies were adopted to ensure data comparability, including the preparation of RMs, the organization of EQAS and the cross-exchange and analysis of blood samples between laboratories. Biological monitoring of benzene exposure could be carried out by means of various biomarkers such as benzene in blood and benzene, trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) in urine. At present, few RMs and EQAS are available for these biomarkers. A pilot EQAS for t,t-MA in urine, adopted to assess the reliability of data regarding benzene exposure, has been organized and carried out between 1996 and 1997 in Italy. From the accrued experience, it clearly emerges the importance of strategies designed to guarantee the quality of biological monitoring data. The use of RMs and the participation in EQAS are highly recommended in order to improve the global performance of methods and laboratories involved in biological monitoring.     

27Al核磁共振波谱法测定环境生物样品中铝研究进展

近二十年来,高分辨率 27Al核磁共振（ 27Al NMR）广泛应用于研究 Al?离子水解过程 ,Al?与环境生物配体的配位化学 ,环境与生物样品中铝含量测定和形态分析 ,监测铝在植物、动物、酵母菌等微生物中的转运过程 ,具有快速、直接、非破坏性等优点。 27Al NMR不仅适用于高浓度的溶液,也可应用于低浓度 (10－ 6mol· L－ 1)的实际环境、生物样品。应用 27Al MAS NMR可直接对固态样品中铝的存在状态和含量进行表征和测量。本文中对 27Al NMR的应用进展作一评述,并总结了近二十年来文献发表的 27Al化学位移数据。引用文献 70余篇。     

误差自补偿惯性导航系统监测回路数据处理技术的研究

针对误差自补偿惯性导航系统的特点,设计了该系统监测回路的鲁棒自适应滤波,理论分析和仿真结果表明,鲁棒自适应滤波和数字剔除技术的联合能有效地抑制监回路中随机干扰的影响,精确测出导航陀螺的漂移变化率。     

Noncompliant oligopolistic firms and marketable pollution permits: Statics and dynamics

In this paper, we consider the modeling, analysis, and computation of solutions to both static and dynamic models of multiproduct, multipollutant noncompliant oligopolistic firms who engage in a market for pollution permits. In the case of the static model, we utilize variational inequality theory for the formulation of the governing equilibrium conditions as well as the qualitative analysis of the equilibrium pattern, including sensitivity analysis. We then propose a dynamic model, using the theory of projected dynamical systems, whose set of stationary points coincides with the set of solutions to the variational inequality problem. We propose an algorithm, which is a discretization in time of the dynamic adjustment process, and provide convergence results using the stability analysis results that are also provided herein. Finally, we apply the algorithm to several numerical examples to compute the profit-maximized quantities of the oligopolistic firms' products and the quantities of emissions, along with the equilibrium allocation of licenses and their prices, as well as the possible noncompliant overflows and underflows. This is the first time that these methodologies have been utilized in conjunction to study a problem drawn from environmental policy modeling and analysis.