Structure and photoluminescence of Mg-Al-Eu ternary hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides

A series of Mg-Al-Eu ternary hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDHs), with Eu/Al atomic ratios of ∼0.06 and Mg/(Al+Eu) atomic ratios ranging from 1.3 to 4.0, were synthesized by a coprecipitation method. The Mg-Al-Eu ternary LDHs were investigated by various techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the crystallinity of the ternary LDHs was gradually improved with the increase of Mg²⁺/(Al³⁺+Eu³⁺) molar ratio from 1.3/1 to 4/1, and all the samples were a single phase corresponding to LDH. The photoluminescent (PL) spectra of the ternary Mg-Al-Eu LDHs were described by the well-known ⁵D₀-⁷F_J transition (J=1, 2, 3, 4) of Eu³⁺ ions with the strongest emission for J=2, suggesting that the host LDH was favorable to the emissions of Eu³⁺ ions. The asymmetry parameter (R) relevant to ⁵D₀-⁷F_J transition (J=1, 2) dependant of the atomic ratios of Mg²⁺/(Al³⁺+Eu³⁺) was discussed, and was consistent with the result of XRD.     

PROMOTIONAL EFFECT OF Sn ON NO OXIDATION OVER Pt/Al2O3 AS PROMISING GAS EXHAUST CATALYTIC CONVERTER. SELECTIVE Pt AND Sn DISPERSION DETERMINATION

NO oxidation was investigated over Pt-Sn/g-Al₂O₃. The addition of Sn to 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃ enhances NO oxidation to NO₂. This effect is related to the enhancement of chemisorbed oxygen on the metallic surface produced by Sn.     

面向氢能源、燃料电池和二氧化碳减排的制氢途径的选择

对氢气的多种制造途径加以探讨,也涉及到氢能的利用、燃料电池以及二氧化碳的减排。需要指出的是氢气并非能源,而只是能量的载体。 所以氢能的发展首先需要制造氢气。对于以化石燃料为基础的制氢过程,如煤的气化和天然气重整,需要开发更经济和环境友好的新过程,在这些新过程中要同时考虑二氧化碳的有效收集和利用问题。对于煤和生物质,在此提出了一种值得进一步深入研究的富一氧化碳气化制氢的概念。对于以氢为原料的质子交换膜燃料电池系统,必须严格控制制备的氢气中的一氧化碳和硫化氢;对于以烃类为原料的固体氧化物燃料电池,制备的合成气中的硫也需严格控制。然而,传统的脱硫方法并不适宜于这种用于燃料电池的极高深度的氢气和合成气的脱硫。氢能和燃料电池的发展是与控制二氧化碳排放紧密相关的。     

基于双LMDI模型和情景分析的浙江省碳排放影响因素研究

浙江省低碳发展条件相对优越,可作为率先实现碳达峰和碳中和(“双碳”)的示范省份.本文采用对数平均迪氏指数分解法(LMDI),从经济活动和居民生活两方面分别考量,对浙江省2000—2019年碳排放变化量的驱动因素进行分解.通过情景分析,即浙江省分别在2060年(国家战略)和2050年(区域率先)实现“双碳”目标,对未来浙江省人均碳排放量趋势进行预测,并结合历史分解结果对两种情景下碳排放变化量的驱动因素进行分解预测.结果表明:(1)经济活动方面,人均GDP增加是碳排放的主要驱动因素(累计增量520 Mt),而单位GDP能耗降低是碳排放的主要抑制因素(累计减量210 Mt);(2)居民生活方面,人均能耗增加是碳排放的主要驱动因素(累计增量12.6 Mt),而能源结构低碳化则是主要的碳排放抑制因素(累计减量1.5 Mt);(3)为实现碳中和目标,两种情景下减排重点均是能源结构的低碳转型,但转型关键时间线有所不同;对于2060年和2050年碳中和情景的转型关键时间线分别在于2031—2045年和2036—2050年.     

我国CO2排放与三次产业的关联性分析

为研究我国CO2排放与三次产业的关联性,用聚类将研究年分为两阶段,对各阶段分别讨论单位GDP的排放量变化趋势与三次产业比重的关系,以及总排放量与三次产业产值之间的回归关系.研究表明,前后两阶段单位GDP的CO2排放趋势受三次产业比重的影响关系截然不同;而CO2排放总量的下降则依赖于第一、三产业的发展,但后一阶段第一产业的减排作用相对于前一阶段已大幅削弱.综合当前国情,在现阶段为同时降低单位GDP的CO2排放量与CO2排放总量,我国应大力发展第三产业.     

中子晕核引起核反应中的同位旋效应

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(IQMD)对中子晕核，⁸He和¹⁰He引起核反应中重要的同位旋效应和松散的中子晕结构影响的平均特征进行了研究.因为IQMD中的互作用势和介质中核子-核子碰撞截面灵敏地依赖于碰撞系统的密度分布.而扩展的中子晕密度分布包含了中子晕核的同位旋效应和松散的中子晕结构的平均特征，从而将这些信息通过动力学碰撞带入到反应机理中. 为了清楚地鉴别中子晕核带入反应机理重要的同位旋效应和松散中子晕结构的影响，通过比较中子晕核和相等质量稳定弹核在相同入射道条件下，所得物理观测量之间的差别加以确定.计算结果确实发现具有初始晕核信息的中子扩展密度分布将重要的同位旋效应和松散中子晕结构带入到各种物理观测量中.例如与相等质量稳定相比，中子晕核的晕特征引起了原子核阻止的降低；并明显地增加了核子发射中子-质子比和同位旋分馏比. 关键词： 中子晕核 原子核阻止 核子发射中子-质子比 同位旋分馏比     

等离子体刻蚀工艺中的光学发射光谱仪数据的模型研究(英文)

原位光学发射光谱仪(OES)已经成为等离子体刻蚀工艺控制过程中的一种非常有潜力的在线传感器系统。采用光谱仪实时采集高密度等离子体刻蚀机中的OES光谱数据,利用BP神经网络算法对特定波长的OES数据进行分析及建模,以便对等离子体刻蚀工艺过程进行反馈控制。由刻蚀产物SiCl发出的405nm谱线被选为特征谱线来确定刻蚀工艺过程的终点。     

发动机采用柴油／甲醇组合燃烧的性能研究

分别在增压和自然吸气式高速直喷柴油机上采用柴油/甲醇组合燃烧方式进行研究.试验结果表明,采用组合燃烧后发动机和纯柴油燃烧发动机相比,尾气中NOx和碳烟排放显著减少,消耗燃料的比能耗降低,组合燃烧用燃料的使用经济性优予原机;仅未燃碳氢和一氧化碳较原机有所增加,但是由于排气温度高于催化转换器起燃温度,可以通过催化转换器将其转化.     

Effects of operating conditions on the Acoustic Emissions (AE) from planetary gearboxes

In the last decade, the use of acoustic emissions has received growing acceptance for its application in machine condition monitoring. This is because it offers good possibilities to diagnose failures at early stages and low rotational speeds. The use of acoustic emissions for condition monitoring of gears, however, is still an active field of research, because several questions remain unanswered. One of these questions is the effect of operating conditions on the AE generated during gear meshing. In this work, the results of experiments carried out on a non-faulty planetary gearbox test bench are presented. A planetary gearbox is considered, because of its usual application on machines subjected to variable operating conditions. The effects of lubricant temperature, load and rotational speed are investigated. The conclusions obtained from the experiments are used for the analysis of the AE measured on the planetary gearbox of a bucket wheel excavator.     

Excitation and quenching of ultraviolet nitrogen bands in the mixture of N2 and O2 molecules

Total quenching rate coefficients of three singlet and three triplet states of molecular nitrogen in the collisions with O₂ molecules are calculated on the basis of quantum-chemical approximations. The calculated rate coefficients of electronic quenching of N₂^? molecules are compared with the available experimental data. An influence of collisional processes on vibrational populations of electronically excited N₂(a¹Π_g) and N₂(A³Σ_u⁺) molecules is studied for conditions of laboratory discharge in N₂ and O₂ at admixtures of molecular oxygen 0%-20% for the pressures 1-1000 Pa. It is indicated that molecular collisions cause changes in relative populations of vibrational levels of these states and intensity relations of ultraviolet bands of N₂ with rise in the pressure and the O₂ admixture.