Tensile behavior of post-irradiation annealed Cu–Ni alloy

The present paper investigates the tensile properties of post-irradiation annealed Cu–Ni alloy. The specimens were irradiated with a 15 MeV electron beam at room temperature and the post-irradiation annealing (PIA) of the specimens was carried out under vacuum at 450 °C for 15–120 min. The yield stress (YS), ultimate tensile stress (UTS), percentage elongation, stress relaxation rate and activation volume of both as-irradiated and post-irradiation annealed specimens were examined at room temperature using a universal testing machine. The results show that PIA of the specimen at 450 °C for 15 min decreases its YS and UTS, whereas the percentage elongation is increased. The changes in the tensile parameters become more pronounced with increases in annealing time. Effects of PIA on the stress relaxation rate and activation volume indicate that the relaxation rate of post-irradiation annealed specimens increases, and the activation volume decreases, with an increase in annealing time.     

Thermal reaction of electron deficient 4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrazole 1,2‐dioxide with cycloheptatriene: the first examples of the formation of an endo‐[4π + 6π]‐cycloadduct and an intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar reaction leading to a heterocage

The reaction of 3,5‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrazole 1,2‐dioxide (1a) with 1,3,5‐cycloheptatriene (2b) gave a mixture of the novel endo‐[4 + 6]‐cycloadduct (4ab), anti‐exo‐[4 + 2]‐cycloadduct (5ab), and the heterocage (6ab) derived from the intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the syn‐endo‐[4 + 2]‐cycloadduct. Analogous endo‐[4 + 6] selectivity in 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions has not been reported previously. The X‐ray analysis indicates that 6ab has a very long N_sp3–N_sp3 bond distance of 1.617(4) Å. The cycloaddition behaviour is discussed on the basis of transition‐state structures optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory, from which predictions of the peri‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivities agreed well with the experimental results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experiments on Sprouting Inhibition in Onions

The effect of irradiation on sprouting depends on the irradiation dose, on the irradiation time after harvest and on the physiological development stage of onions. The best conditions of an effective irradiation were found out. Experiments were carried out in order to study the physiological causes of sprout inhibition. The effect of the irradiation on cell elongation and cell division was investigated.     

Electrospinning Instabilities in the Drop Formation and Multi-Jet Ejection Part II: Various Nozzle Diameters for PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) Polymer Solution

Electrospinning is recognized as a simple and easy method to produce fibers with nanoscale diameters. However, the methods for controlling the shape, structure, and uniformity of electrospun fibers have not yet been fully investigated. In this research, the electrospinning jet behavior, corresponding nanofiber deposition, and average fiber diameter are examined for various nozzle diameters. Fluctuations in the sequence of drop growing, electrospinning, and/or termination of electrospinning are analyzed. We propose two different fluctuations according to nozzle diameter. The multi-jet ejections, that are closely related to the amount of nanoweb deposition and the deposition pattern, are explored.     

HPAN/SPI水凝胶纤维的PH刺激响应性能

探索了聚丙烯腈(PAN)和大豆分离蛋白(SPI)在NaOH水溶液中进行PAN碱解,然后挤到凝固浴中凝固、交联,制备水解聚丙烯腈(HPAN)／SPI水凝胶纤维的方法。通过测定凝胶纤维的平衡溶胀伸长率和溶胀伸长率,观察到HPAN／SPI水凝胶纤维的滞后和可逆的伸长／收缩行为,同时在不同组成的凝胶纤维中,随着PAN含量的逐渐增大,水凝胶纤维的响应速率呈现由小到大然后减小的变化规律,当mPAN／mspt=6／4时有最好的响应性能。     

Elongation method for calculating excited states of aromatic molecules embedded in polymers

Photophysical properties of polyethylene structures embedding aromatic fragments (benzene, anthracene, 4‐dicyanomethylene‐4H‐pyran, tryptophan, and estradiol) responsible for existence lowest electronically excited states were studied by new technique involving the elongation method applied to quantum‐chemical calculations. Absorption spectra and some photophysical properties were obtained. The comparison between the elongation and the conventional calculations was made, and it is shown that the elongation method is a powerful tool to determine the excited states as well as optical properties for large systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009     

Tensile properties and microstructure of 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to the high magnetic field and external stress

In order to explore the dependence of plasticity of metallic material on a high magnetic held,the effects of the different magnetic induction intensities(H = 0 T,0.5 T,1 T,3 T,and 5 T) and pulses number(N = 0,10,20,30,40,and 50) on tensile strength(σ_b) and elongation(δ) of 2024 aluminum alloy are investigated in the synchronous presences of a high magnetic held and external stress.The results show that the magnetic held exerts apparent and positive effects on the tensile properties of the alloy.Especially under the optimized condition of H~*=1 T and N~*=30,the σ_b and 8 are 410 MPa and 17% that are enhanced by 9.3% and 30.8% respectively in comparison to those of the untreated sample.The synchronous increases of tensile properties are attributed to the magneto-plasticity effect on a quantum scale.That is,the magnetic held will accelerate the state conversion of radical pair generated between the dislocation and obstacles from singlet to the triplet state.The bonding energy between them is meanwhile lowered and the moving flexibility of dislocations will be enhanced.At H~* = 1 T and N~* = 30,the dislocation density is enhanced by 1.28 times.The relevant minimum grain size is 266.1 nm,which is reduced by 35.2%.The grain rehning is attributed to the dislocation accumulation and subsequent dynamic recrystallization.The(211) and(220) peak intensities are weakened.It is deduced that together with the recrystallization,the hne grains will transfer towards the slip plane and contribute to the slipping deformation.     

Determination of soil density by cone index data

In this paper a novel soil-density determination method is presented. The classic method (sampling, drying, mass measuring, etc.) can give proper results for the given problem but the standard methodology requires a lot of practical effort. While the soil is generally inhomogeneous, the measured density values of the soil sample applies only for the sample itself. On the entire soil territory this density can be interpreted only with significant errors. For a better mapping of the soil-density distribution expansive measurements are required. The task is complicated by the determination of density distribution in deeper layers of the soil as well. Our work presents a simpler method to determine the soil-density distribution in deeper layers with the use of cone penetration test (CI) results. With this method we can obtain detailed results of the soil-density distribution in deeper layers that may help further calculations for soil deformation analysis such as an exact determination of the soil sinkage below a tire track.