用微波消解气相色谱法测定鱼肉中的有机氯农药

研究了微波消解 -有机溶剂提取 -气相色谱法测定鱼肉样品中有机氯农药的分析方法。对消解液、微波辅助加热条件及提取溶剂进行了优化实验 ,选择冰醋酸 -高氯酸 (体积比4∶1)在600W微波功率下接受辐射2min分解鱼肉样品 ,用30 % (φ)苯的石油醚溶液提取 ,对各种有机氯农药的回收率除 p,p′_DDT为60.3 %外 ,其余均在83.4 %～109.6 %之间 ,与水浴加热分解的国家标准方法相当。该法具有快速 ,灵敏度、精确度、准确度高等优点 ,适用于大批量食品和生物样品中有机氯农药的分析测定。     

高光谱和卷积神经网络的大白菜农残检测

针对大白菜农药残留传统化学检测手段存在前期处理过程繁琐、检测周期长等不足,提出了一种快速无损识别大白菜农药残留种类的方法.以1组无农药残留和4组含有均匀喷洒农药(毒死蜱、乐果、灭多威和氯氰菊酯)的大白菜样本为研究对象(药液浓度配比分别为0.10,1.00,0.20和2.00 mg·kg-1),经12小时自然吸收后,利用...     

Pulsed Splitless Injection and the Extent of Matrix Effects in the Analysis of Pesticides

The applicability of pulsed splitless injection to the gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables has been evaluated. 22 pesticides belonging to different chemical classes, including those known to be liable to matrix induced response enhancement, were selected for the study. The parameters of pressure pulse have been tested for optimum performance of injection. Application of the pressure pulse was found to decrease matrix effects during analyses of real samples. Further decline of matrix effects was obtained using higher sample injection volumes. The installation of a deactivated retention gap was necessary to obtain good peak shapes with injection volumes exceeding 1 μL of sample. Up to 4 μL was then injected without peak distortion and consequent loss of resolution. Using 4 μL pulsed splitless injection, matrix effects were almost completely eliminated even at very low concentration levels of analytes. The highest matrix effects observed for tested compounds at the lowest concentration level tested were in the range of 110–122%.     

Use of stable carbon isotope ratios to determine the source of cypermethrin in so-called natural plant extract formulations used for organic farming

Some natural plant extract formulations (NPEFs, also referred to as essential oils) used in organic farming have been shown to contain synthetic pesticides. We obtained samples of four NPEFs (Muso, Hekiro, Kensogen-Ten, and Nurse Green) that were contaminated with the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin, and we used gas chromatography coupled with combustion, cryofocusing, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry to determine the stable carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) for the cypermethrin in the four NPEF samples, as well as in ten cypermethrin reagents and two commercial pesticide formulations (Agrothrin emulsion and Agrothrin water-dispersible powder). Our goal was to identify the source of the cypermethrin in the NPEFs. Cryofocusing markedly sharpened the cypermethrin peak and thus improved the accuracy and precision of the determined δ¹³C values. The δ¹³C values (±?SD) of the 16 cypermethrin samples ranged from ?28.3?±?0.2 to ?24.5?±?0.2?‰. Surprisingly, the four NPEFs showed similar δ¹³C values (?26.8 to ?27.3?‰), suggesting that the cypermethrin in all the samples came from the same source (either the same chemical reaction or the same primary material). This possibility was supported by previously published results. In addition, the δ¹³C values of the two commercial pesticides were similar to the values for the NPEFs, suggesting that the commercial pesticides had been diluted and sold as NPEFs.     

两种β-环糊精单臂键合固定相液相色谱法拆分三唑类手性农药

以有序介孔材料SBA-15为基质, β-环糊精和氨基β-环糊精为配体, 通过环糊精端口的羟基和氨基与3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂上活泼的异氰酸酯基之间的加成反应, 制备了2种不同单键合臂的β-环糊精修饰SBA-15手性固定相(CDSP和NCDSP), 它们分别含有稳定的氨基甲酸酯基和脲基键合臂. 在反相高效液相色谱模式下, 以灭菌唑、 烯唑醇、 己唑醇和戊唑醇等10种常见的三唑类手性农药为探针, 考察了CDSP和NCDSP的基本手性色谱性能. 研究结果表明, 2种新固定相对三唑类农药对映体均有较好的快速拆分能力, 所需分离时间较短(< 30 min), 其中灭菌唑和烯唑醇的选择性因子(α)分别为1.29和1.28, 分离度分别达到3.84和3.23. 采用甲醇、 乙腈和水组成的简单流动相, 室温下在CDSP和NCDSP上分别拆分了9种和8种三唑类手性农药对映体. 研究发现拥有适当大小和手性碳连接羟基的三唑类农药在上述2种新固定相上有较好的拆分效果, 说明固定相上的环糊精配体对溶质的包结、 氢键和空间位阻等协同作用对空间手性识别有重要贡献. 不同批次CDSP和NCDSP的键合量分别为0.139~0.156和0.120~0.137 μmol/m², 表明2种固定相的制备方法有较好的重现性. 与涂覆型纤维素商品柱相比, 新的脲基环糊精固定相性能更稳定, 反相色谱实用性更强, 且制备方法简便, 成本较低, 在三唑类手性农药对映体残留量检测中具有良好的应用前景.     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定白芍中99种农药残留

采用固相萃取技术(SPE)结合气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)建立了白芍中99种农药同时检测的分析方法。试样用乙酸乙酯提取,采用氨基固相萃取柱净化后,在GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行检测,基质匹配标准曲线内标法定量。结果表明,99种农药在0.001~0.25 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)大于0.99,方法定量限为0.001~0.050 mg/kg。加标水平为0.05、0.10和0.20 mg/kg时,99种农药的平均回收率为66.7%~128.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)小于18.3%。对市售的13批样品进行测定,其中4批样品中检出微量的毒死蜱和p,p'-滴滴伊。实验证明,建立的SPE净化和GC-QqQ-MS相结合的检测方法具有准确可靠、灵敏度高等优点,适用于白芍中多农药残留的同时筛查测定。     

基于荧光分析的氨基甲酸酯类农药残留检测系统

通过对氨基甲酸酯类农药在紫外光照射下能够产生荧光的机理研究,设计了一种用于检测氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的荧光系统。该系统采用单光源、双光路结构,能够对测量信号和参考信号同时进行处理。采用所设计的筒式光纤探头激发并探测荧光,设计了相应的信号处理电路,实现了计算机管理。利用该系统和稳态光谱仪对西维因进行了对比实验。结果表明:在激发波长为319nm、荧光波长为654nm时,最小检测浓度为5×10-7μg/L。当西维因浓度范围在0.0～120.0μg/L之间时,系统具有较好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.9996(信噪比S/N=5)。该系统达到了荧光检测的指标。     

In‐capillary microextraction using monolithic polymers: Application to preconcentration of carbamate pesticides prior to their separation by MEKC

In the present work we report a novel procedure for in‐capillary microextraction using a monolithic polymeric sorbent. In the proposed methodology, sample treatment takes place in the CE instrument but in a different capillary from that used for the electrophoretic separation. Polymers based on butyl methacrylate and divinylbenzene formed in situ inside a capillary column were assayed. The best results were found with the divinylbenzene‐based polymers. The usefulness of the proposed procedure was checked for the determination of carbamate pesticides (Methomyl, Asulam, Carbendazim, Aldicarb, Carbetamide, Propoxur, Pirimicarb, Carbaryl, Carbofuran and Methiocarb) and three of their degradation compounds (Aldicarb sulphoxide, 2‐isopropoxyphenol and α‐naphthol) using MEKC. The optimization of the MEKC is reported, a good separation of the 13 analytes being obtained in less than 6 min. The analytical method using in‐capillary microextraction was validated in terms of linearity, repeatability, precision (RSD≤18% for 50 μg/L), and LODs (1–16 μg/L), and it revealed the usefulness of this in‐capillary preconcentration procedure for the determination of analytes of intermediate polarity.