对氨基苯胂酸电化学合成的研究

研究优化电解还原对硝基苯胂酸(p-A)合成对氨基苯胂酸(p-ASA)的工艺条件.实验表明:硫酸浓度、添加剂量、反应温度、投料量等工艺参数对合成产率有显著影响.初步得出比较适宜的电解合成条件为:硫酸浓度10%(bymass,下同)、添加剂量1%(bymass)NaCl、反应温度80℃、投料量71.4g/L、电流密度10A·dm-2.在上述工艺条件下,电解合成产率可达65.8%.     

钴（Ⅲ）—亚硝基R盐体系极谱波研究及锌电解液中钴的快速测定

提出了一个测定微量钴 (Ⅱ )的极谱吸附波新体系。在pH 9.5的柠檬酸铵底液中 ,钴(Ⅲ ) NRS络合物在 - 0 .5 7V(vs .SCE)有一良好的吸附波 ,二阶导数波峰电流与钴浓度在 0 .0 1～1.2 μg·ml- 1范围内呈线性关系 ,检出限为 5ng·ml- 1。研究了极谱波性质和形成机理 ,应用于锌电解液中微量钴的分析 ,简便快速 ,结果准确     

电解氧化法膨胀石墨形成机理研究

采用现代测试方法对电解氧化法制备的膨胀石墨各阶段产物进行了表征 ,对其形成机理作了一些探讨。结果证实 ,在氧化过程中 ,层间表面的石墨被氧化后 ,与嵌入层间的H2 SO4、H2 O等生成层间化合物 ,该化合物瞬间受高热而分解 ,产生的推力使石墨沿C轴方向膨胀 ,而层平面碳 -碳结构未被破坏。     

Effect of graphene surface functionalization on the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media

1. Download : Download high-res image (189KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Determination of the degree of electrolytic dissociation of perchloric acid by vapor pressure

Analysis of the published data on the vapor pressure and degree of electrolytic dissociation of perchloric acid revealed that the molar fraction of nondissociated HClO₄ is determined by the Raoult—Henry law in a wide range of acidimetric concentrations and temperatures. The degree of dissociation of perchloric acid was calculated from its thermodynamic activity. The results of calculations agree satisfactorily with the known spectroscopic data.     

Experimental results and basic considerations concerning injection and transport of electrons in the dye-sensitized colloidal sponge-type anatase TiO2 electrode

Electron transfer over the reaction distance corresponding to three saturated bonds occurs within 70 fs from the excited singlet state of anchored perylene chromophores to empty electronic levels in a sponge-type anatase TiO₂ electrode. Injected electrons can be consumed in three different types of recombination processes at the interface with the electrolytic contact. Electron transport through the electrode follows a potential gradient that is set-up in the dark, corresponding to the difference between the Fermi levels of the two contact materials. It is dominated by multiple trapping and trap filling processes.     

溴邻苯三酚红修饰碳糊电极吸附伏安法测定痕量锑

研制了溴邻苯三酚红(BPR)作修饰剂的碳糊修饰电极,并采用所制备的电极做工作电极建立了测定锑的方法。测定了电活性络合物的组成,并探讨了电极反应机理。该方法已用于锌电解液中痕量锑的测定,结果满意,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L。     

间接电解氧化法合成正丁醛

提出了一种合成正丁醛的新方法———间接电解氧化法 .在陶瓷隔膜电解槽中 ,用Pb/PbO2 作阳极 ,石墨作阴极 ,将Mn2 + 氧化成Mn3 + ,然后用Mn3 + 作氧化剂对正丁醇进行氧化获得正丁醛 ,还原所得的Mn2 + 可循环利用 .电解的优选条件为 :C硫酸 =4 .0mol/L ,电流密度 80 0A/m2 ,CMn(II) =0 .5mol/L ,温度t=2 0℃ .     

Thermal characterisation of chemically reduced electrolytic manganese dioxide

Summary Samples of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) were chemically reduced using 2-propanol under reflux (82°C) for 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24 h intervals. XRD analysis showed that the -MnO₂ structure was preserved although the lattice dimensions were observed to increase with increasing degree of reduction to accommodate the intercalation of protons. The exception was the 24 h reduced sample which contained two phases; -MnO₂ and -MnOOH. Three regions of decomposition in the range of 50 to 1000°C were observed using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and were accounted for as water removal below 390°C, reduction of MnO₂ to Mn₂O₃ between 400 and 600°C, and Mn₂O₃ to Mn₃O₄ between 600 and 1000°C. Again the exception proved to be the 24 h reduced sample which was observed to decompose predominantly in one step between 400 and 600°C directly to Mn₃O₄.     

Optimisation of the plasma electrolytic oxidation process efficiency on aluminium

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a surface treatment technology enabling fabrication of adherent thick (50–150 µm) coatings on light metal alloys with significantly enhanced hardness, wear and corrosion resistance compared with other conventional treatments. The technology has the potential to play a significant role in the transport sector for replacement of steel with light‐weight materials of improved durability. A main limitation of PEO lies in its relatively high cost, associated with high energy consumption and low coating efficiency. The present work explores possible routes to improve the process efficiency. It is shown that a combination of conventional pre‐anodising with sequential PEO treatment reduces specific energy consumption up to five times because of an increase of the coating growth rate, up to 10 µm/min, compared with existing PEO processes. A further approach to improved coating efficiency involves PEO in electrolytes with suspended fine or nanoparticles, which results in the formation of thicker coatings in reduced time as a result of the incorporation of the particles from the electrolyte into the coating. Additionally, melting of the coating material during the micro‐arc discharge process leads to formation of stabilised high‐temperature phases, such as tetragonal and cubic zirconia, which provide significantly improved microhardness of the coating material and give a potential for thermal barrier applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.