Application of ion chromatography to qualitative and quantitative determination of the main inorganic ionic components of samples from a production process of potassium sulphate

This review presents the possibility to use ion chromatography (IC) to analyse solids and brines deriving from treatment procedures of potassium salts. Qualitative and quantitative determination of ions samples has been used to make their chemical reconstruction. By using conventional calibration methods covering the whole concentration interval, analysis were not suitably accurate. During this process, the analysis is considered acceptable when the difference between the sum of the equivalents of cations and anions (ΔE) is ≤2%. For the process, a calibration method has been used employing four reference curves; each defined by three points corresponding to three standards purposely devised in our laboratory. The composition of the standards matched that expected for the samples from the different stages of the process reaction, after their usual sampling, dissolution and dilution. By comparing the conductivity of the analyte in the real sample to the conductivity of the same analyte in a standard, the effects of other analytes present in the medium are practically cancelled and need not be considered. The IC method results are in good agreement with conventional analysis methods (potentiometric titration, atomic absorption, gravimetric analysis).     

Specific interactions including imidazolium andN-methylimidazolium lons. I. Interactions with the picrate anion

The conductances of solutions of methylimidazolium and imidazolium picrate (MeImHPic and ImHPic) in nitrobenzene-benzene mixtures (27.2–. These triple ions are highly stabilized by the hydrogen bond between the second NH group of the ion pair and the second picrate ion. Values of the formation constants for the ion pair ImHPic and for the triple ion PicImHPic^– have been calculated and are discussed.     

The Stabilities and Thermodynamic Properties of Triethylenetetraminehexaacetic Acid Chelates of the Tripositive Lanthanide Ions

The interaction between the decadentate ligand triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid (TTHA or H₆Z) and tripositive rare-earth metal ions (Ln³⁺) has been investigated. The acid formation constants of the hydrogen chelates (LnHZ^2?, LnH₂Z-) and the formation constants of the normal chelates (LnZ^3?) have been evaluated at 15, 25 and 35°C, and at an ionic strength of 0.1 (KNO₃), the former by a titration method and the latter by a mercury indicator electrode technique. Enthalpy and entropy changes characterizing the formation of the normal chelates have been calculated at 25°C. These functions have been compared with corresponding values for related chelating agents.     

Supramolecular assembly of p-sulfonatecalix[4]arene through aquated neodymium (III) ions

A novel mononuclear complex of p-sulfonatecalix[4]arene and neodymium (III) ions in the presence of pyridine N-oxide has been investigated by X-ray diffraction study, which reveal that the bi-layer sheet structure is formed in the solid state. An aquated neodymium ion connects the adjacent calixarene-pyridine N-oxide complex units through multiple hydrogen bonds to stabilize the bi-layer structure.     

A study of microdialysis sampling of metal ions

A study of the extraction fraction (EF) of metal ions Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb sampled by microdialysis from a quiescent aqueous solution is presented. A concentric type of microdialysis probe equipped with either one of two polysulfone membranes supplied by different manufacturers or a polyether sulfone membrane, all with a 10 mm effective dialysis length was used for these investigations. EF for metal ions achieved after microdialysis sampling were evaluated for membranes exhibiting a cut-off molecular weight of 3, 5, 10 and 30 kDa. The EF for all metal ions showed a dependency on membrane cut-off as well as membrane material. For Cr EFs of 0.70 and 0.80 were achieved at 1 μl/min using a polysulfone and polyether sulfone membrane, respectively, both with a 30 kDa cut-off molecular weight. Using the polysulfone membrane, Cr showed the highest EF and Pb had the lowest at 0.1. The polyether sulfone membrane achieved an EF of 0.95 for Ni and the lowest EF value was for Cu at 0.35. In these studies it is shown that pH as well as the inclusion of an optimal concentration (0.20 M) of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) in the perfusion liquid can enhance the EF of metal ions. Microdialysis was also used to sample for metal ions from wastewater and from whole tomatoes grown using sewage sludge manure in order to demonstrate the potential to apply it to these complicated matrices.     

PERVAPORATION SEPARATION OF WATER-ACETIC ACID MIXTURES THROUGH AN-co-AA MEMBRANES TREATED WITH RARE EARTH METAL IONS

Pervaporation separation of water-acetic acid mixtures through Poly (AN-co-AA)membranes and rare earth metal ions treated Poly(AN-co-AA)membranes was investigatedfor the first time. The results showed that the treatment with rare earth metal ions couldgreatly improve the characteristics of the separation of water-acetic acid mixtures.     

Interfacial coordination chemistry. Current status and applications

After definitions of interfacial coordination chemistry (ICC) and surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC), their main characteristics and applications are compared. The common concepts of ICC and classical coordination chemistry, as well as the specific features of ICC are illustrated through some examples. Finally, possible applications of ICC to catalyst preparation, adsorption and relations to catalysis are given.     

Mechanism and kinetics of the reaction of OH radicals with glyoxal and methylglyoxal: a quantum chemistry + CVT/SCT approach.

A theoretical study of the mechanism and kinetics of the OH hydrogen abstraction from glyoxal and methylglyoxal is presented. Optimum geometries, frequencies, and gradients have been computed at the BHandHLYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory for all the stationary points, as well as for 12 additional points along the minimum energy path (MEP). Energies were obtained by single-point calculations at the above geometries using CCSD(T)/ 6-311++G(d,p) to produce the potential energy surface. The rate coefficients were calculated for the temperature range 200-500 K by using canonical variational theory (CVT) with small-curvature tunneling (SCT) corrections. Our analysis suggests a stepwise mechanism, which involves the formation of a reactant complex. The overall agreement between the calculated and experimental kinetic data is very good. This agreement supports the reliability of the Arrhenius parameters of the glyoxal + OH reaction that are proposed in this work for the first time. The Arrhenius expressions that best describe the studied reactions are k1 = (9.63 +/- 0.23) x l0(-13)exp[(517 +/- 7)/T] and k2 = (3.93 +/- 0.11) x 10(-13)exp[(1060 +/- 8)/T]cm3 molecule(-1)s(-1) for glyoxal and methylglyoxal, respectively.     

Adsorption of metal ions from solution onto a piezoelectric quartz crystal

Many metal ions are spontaneously adsorbed onto a piezoelectric quartz crystal and change the oscillation frequency. The pH ranges in which the metal ions adsorbed were just below that of precipitate formation as the ‘hydroxides’; frequency changes caused by adsorption were not observed in these pH ranges where the ‘hydroxides’ formed. Cationic organic reagents, such as crystal violet and methylene blue, were also adsorbed on the piezoelectric quartz crystal but non-ionic and anionic organic compounds were not. These results showed that the crystal was negatively charged on the surface.