Using magnetic core‐shell nanoparticles coated with an ionic liquid dispersion assisted by effervescence powder for the micro‐solid‐phase extraction of four beta blockers from human plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection

In this work, a novel, efficient, and green sorbent, SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ has been created and functionalized with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as an ionic liquid. This sorbent was applied for microextraction of four beta blockers, propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, and alprenolol with bupivacaine as internal standard from human plasma followed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. A mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate was used as an extractant dispersive agent (effervescent power) to enhance the interaction between the magnetic sorbent and analytes. Main affecting parameters on microextraction and elution were optimized. Figures of merit for dispersive solid phase extraction with ionic liquid coated magnetic nanoparticles assisted by effervescent powder were calculated under the optimized conditions. The detection limits for propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, and alprenolol were found at 0.33, 0.62, 0.03, and 0.44 ng/mL, respectively. For all analytes, good linearity was obtained. Intra‐ (n = 5) and interday (n = 10) precision were both under 6.3% while the preconcentration factors were obtained in the range between 15–18. The extraction efficiencies for each analyte ranged from 75 to 91%. The method was successfully applied for determination of trace amounts of the beta blockers in human plasma samples.     

Synergistic therapeutic effects of Duzhong Jiangya Tablets and amlodipine besylate combination in spontaneously hypertensive rats using 1H-NMR- and MS-based metabolomics

Duzhong Jiangya Tablet (DJT) composed of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and several other traditional Chinese medicines is a Chinese herbal compound, which is clinically used to treat hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of DJT and amlodipine besylate (AB) on the synergistic treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and to explore its antihypertensive mechanism. The synergistic therapeutic effect of DJT in combination with AB on SHR was studied using two metabolomics methods based on mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance. Metabolomics analysis of plasma, urine, liver, and kidney and the combination of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to expose potential biomarkers. Then, the overall metabolic characteristics and related abnormal metabolic pathways in hypertensive rats were constructed. Blood pressure measurements showed that DJT combined with AB has better effects in treating hypertension than it being alone. A total of 30 biomarkers were identified, indicating that hypertension disrupted the balance of multiple metabolic pathways in the body, and that combined administration restored metabolite levels better than their administration alone. The changes of biomarkers revealed the synergistic therapeutic mechanism of DJT combined with AB, which provided a reference for the combination of Chinese and Western medicines.     

Precise analysis of thyroxine enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulation by mobility difference based on cyclodextrin

Identification and determination of chiral pharmaceutical residues is still a challenging analytical puzzle. In this work, a simple, rapid, and effective method for chiral D/L-tetraiodothyronine (T4) separation and quantitative was developed based on host–guest recognition using ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). The D/L-T4 enantiomers were mobility separated by their diastereomeric complexes through mixing with cyclodextrin (CD) and metal ions. D/L-T4 was first separated by complexing with host molecule (α-, β-, γ-CD), observing weak peak-to-peak resolution (R_p-p) by the formed binary complex [CD + D/L-T4-H]⁺, and the R_p-p decreased with the CD size increasing. However, the separation effect of D/L-T4 was much improved with the addition of divalent metal ions (G²⁺) by the formed ternary complex [CD + D/L-T4 + G]²⁺. In comparison, α-CD related complexes can possess the best separation effect for D/L-T4 in most cases. Considering the high selectivity, non-toxic, and chemically stable of β-CD, [β-CD + D/L-T4 + Ca]²⁺ was selected for D/L-T4 analysis (R_P-P = 0.764). Whereafter, chemical theoretical conformations for [β-CD + D/L-T4 + H]⁺ and [β-CD + D/L-T4 + Ca]²⁺ were optimized, discovering similar micro-interaction modes between [β-CD + D-T4 + H]⁺ and [β-CD + L-T4 + H]⁺; while with the addition of Ca²⁺, significantly different interaction modes were observed between [β-CD + D-T4 + Ca]²⁺ and [β-CD + L-T4 + Ca]²⁺. And theoretical collision cross section (CCS) trends for the complexes were consistent with that of the experimental results. Additionally, calibration curves were linear within 1.00 to 10⁴ ng mL^?1 with coefficient (R² > 0.99), gaining the limit of detection (LODs) calculation of 0.11 ng mL^?1, and the detection range between D-T4 and L-T4 of 45.6:1 to 1:59.8. Finally, the method was applied for D/L-T4 detection in Levothyroxine tablets, the detection content has good consistency on drug labeling. Because the proposed method exhibited good analytical performance in terms of speed, selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the measurements, that can be a promising strategy for effective D/L-T4 detection in pharmaceutical industries or other practical samples.     

薄层色谱扫描法同时测定增效联磺片中三组分含量的研究

提出了增效联磺片中磺胺甲基异唑（ＳＭＺ）、磺胺嘧啶（ＳＤ）及甲氧节胺嘧啶（ＴＭＰ）三组分薄层色谱同时测定的新方法。该法以水饱和的乙酸乙酯－氯仿（２：１）的混合溶剂为展开剂,在硅胶ＧＦ＿（２５４）板上将被测各组分分离后,直接进行薄层色谱扫描测定,操作简便、快速,灵敏度高,重现性好。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定葛根素和大豆苷元

利用反相高效液相色谱法,配以二极管阵列检测器测定了心可舒片中的葛根素和大豆苷元,建立了一种心可舒片的质量控制方法。色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为乙腈和0．02mol／L磷酸二氢钾,柱温为25℃,流速为0．8mL／min,梯度洗脱,检测波长为250nm。葛根素和大豆苷元的平均回收率分别为97．3％和101．4％：RSD为0．6％和1．9％。     

核磁共振法测定片剂中西咪替丁

建立以核磁共振技术测定片剂中西咪替丁含量的方法。采用Agilent DD2-500型核磁共振波谱仪,以氘代甲醇为溶剂、对苯二甲酸二甲酯为内标,测试温度25℃,弛豫时间为20 s,脉冲角为45°,采集时间为2 s,扫描次数为16次,采集核磁共振氢谱。该方法线性范围为0.1~5.0 mg/mL,相关系数r=0.999 8,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.11%(n=6),平均加标回收率在100.03%~100.58%之间。用该方法测定不同厂家片剂中西咪替丁的含量,测定结果与药典方法相吻合。该方法简单快速、样品用量少,适用于西咪替丁的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定磷酸苯丙哌林片的含量

 采用反相高效液相色谱法 ,以醋酸可的松为内标 ,测定磷酸苯丙哌林片的含量。色谱柱为ODS柱 ,以甲醇 水 冰醋酸 三乙胺溶液 (体积比为 6 0∶35∶5∶0 1)为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 70nm ,磷酸苯丙哌林在 9 96mg/L～ 49 8mg/L范围内有很好的线性关系 (r=0 9998) ,平均回收率为 99 91% (n =5 ) ,RSD =0 43%。     

高效液相色谱法测定喘静片的3种主要成分

 采用高效液相色谱法同时测定喘静片中的3种主要成分：茶碱、异戊巴比妥和盐酸甲基麻黄碱。以ODS作固定相,通过均匀设计方法选择的最佳流动相为V（0.015 mol/L磷酸二氢钠缓冲液,含体积分数为0.3%的三乙胺,pH 4.9 )∶V（甲醇）=35∶65,检测波长为215 nm,用程序调节检测器的灵敏度,以咖啡因作内标物。茶碱、异戊巴比妥、盐酸甲基麻黄碱的回收率分别为99.7%～102.6%,98.5%～100.2%,98.0%～102.7%,日间RSD分别为0.23%～1.2%,0.35%～2.5%,0.33%～1.6%。该方法简便、快速、准确。     

In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation of Tianeptine Sodium Sustained-Release Dual-Layer Tablets

Tianeptine tablets are currently marketed to be designed for immediate-release tablets. The tianeptine has a short half-life, making it difficult to design for sustained-release tablets and achieve bioequivalence with the tianeptine immediate-release tablet (Stablon^®). We established the in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of three formulations of tianeptine sustained-release tablets according to their granule size. To evaluate sustained drug release, in vitro tests were performed in pH 1.2 media for 24 h. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis was performed following oral administration of reference drug and test drug to beagle dogs. The dissolution profile revealed delayed release as the size of the granules increased. The dissolution results were confirmed in pharmacokinetic analysis, showing that the half-life was delayed as granule size increased. The final formulation and reference drug showed an equivalent area under the curve (AUC). Through this, IVIVC was established according to the size of the tianeptine sodium granules, which is the purpose of this study, and was used to predict in vivo pharmacokinetics from the formulation composition. This approach may be useful for determining optimal formulation compositions to achieve the desired pharmacokinetics when developing new formulations.     

光纤药物原位溶出度/释放度监测仪实时监测复方氯唑沙宗片体外溶出度

研制了光纤-光学传感-药物溶出监测仪并应用于复方氯唑沙宗片的实时-原位体外溶出度.分支光纤的一端与光源相接,另一端与检测器连接,其公共端部探头浸入于盛于溶出杯中的溶解液中.借联机的计算机进行数据记录及处理,对复方氯唑沙宗片的组分对乙酰氨基酚和氯唑沙宗的回收率在低、中、高三个浓度水平进行了试验,结果依次为98.3%,102.3%和103.1%及108.6%,98.7%和97.7%,其相应的RSD值为1.0%,1.4%和0.4%及1.7%,1.6%及1.3%.应用此监测仪对药片的溶出全过程进行了监控,并显示了药物的溶解曲线,相关的溶出参数可随时提取.试验证明,使用该仪器可获得药物溶出全过程的真实情况的信息.