热水提取与超声提取的麦冬多糖结构与构象特征的比较研究

利用热水与超声提取麦冬粗多糖,DEAE-cellulose52纤维素与Sephacryl S-300凝胶柱层析对其进行分离纯化,得到热水提取的麦冬多糖均一组分WPOJ-DS与超声提取的麦冬多糖均一组分UPOJ-DS。采用高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、红外光谱法、部分酸水解、甲基化分析及核磁共振对WPOJ-DS与UPOJDS的结构进行表征;利用刚果红实验、圆二色谱实验及原子力显微镜对其溶液构象进行了比较研究。结果表明,超声提取对麦冬多糖的分子量、单糖组成摩尔比及构型会产生影响,WPOJ-DS与UPOJ-DS的主链均主要由→6)-D-Glcp(1→和→3,6)-D-Glcf(1→组成,但WPOJ-DS中存在→6)-β-D-Glcp(1→,而UPOJDS中没有;刚果红实验、圆二色谱实验与原子力显微镜结果显示UPOJ-DS存在螺旋结构,而WPOJ-DS没有;且在不同溶液环境中,WPOJ-DS与UPOJ-DS的溶液构象不同。     

Molecular and conformational properties of comb-like polymers with ionically bound side chains studied in organic solvent

Conformational and dynamo-optical properties of a homologous series of poly(cetyltrimethylammonium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonates) with molecular masses ranging from 80 to 700?kDa were studied in chloroform solutions by viscometry, dynamic light scattering, sedimentation, and flow birefringence. The Mark–Kuhn–Houwink Equations for this polymer in chloroform were obtained; the values of hydrodynamic diameter and the Kuhn segment length as well as the value of intrinsic anisotropy of polarizability of the monomer unit were defined.     

Investigation on the conformational changes of bovine serum albumin in a wide pH range from 2 to 12

The conformation of bovine serum albumin largely depends on its microenvironment pH and affects its physical functions and applications. In this study, we investigated the effects of pH (wide range 2–12) on the conformation of bovine serum albumin based on spectroscopic signals by various spectroscopic means including fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, resonance light scattering, UV-visible absorption, and circular dichroism. The changes in spectroscopic signals, such as peak position and intensity, showed that the structure of bovine serum albumin varied significantly with pH. The conformation of bovine serum albumin was compact at pH 6–7, as indicated by the largest peak position values and peak intensities in the fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and RLS spectra. The structure of bovine serum albumin became loose in the acidic or alkaline environment, as indicated by the decreased peak position values and peak intensities. The microenvironment of the amino acid residues of bovine serum albumin also varied with pH, as indicated by the changing peak position values. At pH 7, the hydrophobicity of the tyrosine and tryptophan residues was the weakest, as indicated by the minimum synchronous fluorescence signals. In addition, the secondary structure of bovine serum albumin, especially α-helix, varied with pH. The content of α-helix reached the maximum value of 68% at pH 6–8, whereas it decreased in the acidic or alkaline environment. The study provides valuable details for studying the physiological function and applications of serum albumins.     

盐酸氯丙嗪1H NMR、 13C NMR谱的归属及结构表征

通过运用¹H-¹H COSY(¹H-¹H COrrelation SpectroscopY)、TOCSY(TOtal Correlation SpectroscopY)、HSQC(Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation)、HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation)、NOESY(Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement SpectroscopY)等多种二维核磁技术,对盐酸氯丙嗪（Chlorpromazine hydrochloride CPZ· HCl）在CDCl₃、CD₃COCD₃和D₂O三种溶剂中的¹H、¹³C NMR谱进行了准确归属（重点集中于谱峰重叠程度较高的芳香族区域）．实验表明：杂环上N与苯环存在部分共轭;在CDCl₃、CD₃COCD₃中,侧链卷曲至芳环上方处于屏蔽区,且侧链上N为较稳定的四面体构型;比较了CPZ· HCl在不同溶剂与浓度下的¹H NMR谱的变化,对文献中其核磁共振谱（特别是芳香区的谱峰）归属的争议作了解释．量子化学计算结果与实验结果相吻合．     

Reconciling Electrostatic and n→π* Orbital Contributions in Carbonyl Interactions

Interactions between carbonyl groups are prevalent in protein structures. Earlier investigations identified dominant electrostatic dipolar interactions, while others implicated lone pair n→π* orbital delocalisation. Here these observations are reconciled. A combined experimental and computational approach confirmed the dominance of electrostatic interactions in a new series of synthetic molecular balances, while also highlighting the distance-dependent observation of inductive polarisation manifested by n→π* orbital delocalisation. Computational fiSAPT energy decomposition and natural bonding orbital analyses correlated with experimental data to reveal the contexts in which short-range inductive polarisation augment electrostatic dipolar interactions. Thus, we provide a framework for reconciling the context dependency of the dominance of electrostatic interactions and the occurrence of n→π* orbital delocalisation in C=O⋅⋅⋅C=O interactions.     

Degeneracy of the Antithrombin Binding Sequence in Heparin: 2-O-Sulfated Iduronic Acid Can Replace the Critical Glucuronic Acid

Heparin binds to and activates antithrombin (AT) through a specific pentasaccharide sequence, in which a trisaccharide subsite, containing glucuronic acid (GlcA), has been considered as the initiator in the recognition of the polysaccharide by the protein. Recently it was suggested that sulfated iduronic acid (IdoA2S) could replace this “canonical” GlcA. Indeed, a heparin octasaccharidic sequence obtained by chemoenzymatic synthesis, in which GlcA is replaced with IdoA2S, has been found to similarly bind to and activate antithrombin. By using saturation-transfer-difference (STD) NMR, NOEs, transferred NOEs (tr-NOEs) NMR and molecular dynamics, we show that, upon binding to AT, this IdoA2S unit develops comparable interactions with AT as GlcA. Interestingly, two IdoA2S units, both present in a ¹C₄-²S₀ equilibrium in the unbound saccharide, shift to full ²S₀ and full ¹C₄ upon binding to antithrombin, providing the best illustration of the critical role of iduronic acid conformational flexibility in biological systems.     

New oxacalix[4]arene carboxylate detects viologen in protic media

ABSTRACT

We demonstrate that Ullman fragment-coupling can be used to synthesise an oxacalix[4]arene monocarboxylic acid, which provides easy access to its water-soluble carboxylato derivatives. Crystallographic and computational data suggest that the new carboxyl-substituted oxacalix[4]arene adopts a 1,3-alternate conformation both in the solid-state and in methanol solution. Its water-soluble tetrabutylammonium derivate can detect the herbicide paraquat at neutral pH in aqueous media (K _a = 111 ± 3 M^–1) and in methanol (K _a = 2020 ± 70 M^–1).     

Computational and dynamic NMR investigation of 2,2-dimesityl-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyltrisilane

The structure and rotational barrier for the mesityl-silicon bond of 2,2-dimesityl-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyltrisilane have been investigated by ¹H- and ¹³C-variable temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as by density functional theory structural calculations. The calculations show that the lowest energy structure has C₂ symmetry with nonequivalent ortho methyl groups, consistent with the crystal structure and solution NMR. The nonequivalent ortho methyl groups exchange through a C_s transition state with a calculated relative free energy of 11.0 kcal mol⁻¹. The barrier for this rotation found by dynamic NMR is 13.4 ± 0.2 kcal mol⁻¹ at 298 K.     

Assignments of Nonexchangeable Proton Resonances and the Solution Structures of d–TGGGT

In this paper, we report the studies of the solution structures of synthetic pentadeoxyribonucleotide d-TGGGT(NH₄ ⁺ salt) using 2D–NMR. The 1H–NMR experiments with different temperatures and concentrations reveal an equilibrium between single strand and aggregation. In the experimental condition(22°C, 13mmol/ L), the cross peaks in the COSY spectrum are mainly from single strand, and the spin systems of sugar resonances of this component can be assigned. In contrast, the cross peaks in the NOESY spectrum mainly come from aggregation and the sequential assignments of bases, sugar 1′, 2′ and 2″ protons can be carried out. From NOE connectivities, it is obvious that the aggregation adopts a right–handed helix conformation. It is suggested that the aggregation in our experiment corresponds to the tetramolecular complex.