Asymmetric syntheses with catalytic enantioselective metal carbene transformations

Asymmetric catalysis of metal carbene transformations with unique chiral dirhodium(II) carboxamides provides highly enantioselective and diastereoselective synthesesvia cyclopropanation, cyclopropenation, and carbon-hydrogen insertion reactions of diazoesters and diazoamides. Constructed from a dirhodium(II) core with bridging pyrrolidone, oxazolidinone, or imidazolidinone ligands, these catalysts are especially effective for intramolecular transformations that occur in high yield with greater than 90 % enantiomeric excess (ee) and high diastereocontrol.Based on lectures given at the 1994 International INEOS Workshop, May 21–26, 1994, and at the Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow, on May 30, 1994.On the occasion of the award of a D. Sc. (honoris causa) degree to Prof. M. P. Doyle for his works on catalytic enantioselective syntheses by the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1994.Translated fromIzyestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 1879–1892, November, 1994.     

Structures of 8α-(2′-methylbutyryloxy)-9α-hydroxymontahibisciolide,a new skeletal type of sesquiterpene lactone,and of its precursor 8α-isobutyryloxy-9-oxo-germacra-4E, 1(10)Z-dien-6β,12-olide

The structures of a new skeletal type of sesquiterpene lactone, containing a seven, five, fivering system, and of its putative precursor, a 9-oxo-melampolide, have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray structure determination. The central 5-membered ring of the new skeleton istrans-fused to the cycloheptene ring andcis-fused to the lactone ring. Transannular interactions and the geometry of thetrans carbon-carbon double bond of the oxo-melampolide and the keto-group at C9, suggest that the new seven, five, five tricyclic skeleton-type of montahibisciolide can easily be reached by a transannular cyclization process. The isobutyrloxy group of the oxo-melampolide is disordered into two partially populated conformations. 8-(2-Methylbutyryloxy)-9-hydroxymontahibisciolide,3, C₂₀H₂₈O₅, crystallizes in orthorhombic space groupP2₁2₁2₁ witha=8.294(2),b=9.740(2),c=22.675(1) Å,V=1832(1)ų,Z=4. The structure was refined toR=0.043 andR _w=0.048 for 2898 observed reflections with CuK radiation. 8-isobutyryloxy-9-oxo-germacra-4E, 1(10)Z-dien-6, 12-olide,4, C₁₉H₂₄O₅, crystallizes in monoclinic space groupC2 witha=32.879(7),b=5.793(2),c=9.884(4)Å, =99.01(3)°,V=1859.5(9)å³,Z=4. The structure was refined toR=0.054 andR _w=0.064 for 1010 observed reflections with MoK radiation.     

Samarium(III)‐mediated graft polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone and L‐lactide on functionalized poly(p‐xylylene)s: model studies and polymerizations

The reductive coupling of aromatic monocarbonyl compounds in the presence of SmI₂ results in the formation of Samarium(III) dialkoxides. These Sm(III) dialkoxides have been utilized as initiators for ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones and lactides. The reductive coupling of aromatic dicarbonyl compounds results in the formation of Sm(III) polyalkoxides which have been used as polyinitiator for (ROP) of lactones and lactides. The products of this process are poly(p‐xylylene)s grafted by polylactones or polylactides. Grafting efficiency depends significantly on reaction conditions and is currently limited to 28%. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非对映选择性合成科涅克内酯

反式取代的γ 丁内酯是重要的有机合成中间体[1],已有多种合成路线见诸报道[2～ 4 ].这些方法各有特色 ,但也存在原料难以得到、合成路线冗长、反应条件苛刻、立体选择性不高、总产率低等不足 .我们以巴豆酸甲酯 ( 1)为原料 ,经 5步反应立体选择性地合成了 (± ) 反 科涅克内酯 ( 5 ) .反应式如下 :　　岛津ＩＲ 44 0型红外光谱测定仪 ,ＫＢｒ压片 .ＶａｒｉａｎＥＡ 3 60Ｌ型核磁共振仪 ,ＣＤＣｌ3为溶剂 ,ＴＭＳ为内标 .ＫｙＫｙ ＱＰ 10 0 0Ａ型气相色 质联用仪 ,电离方式为ＥＩ ,电子能量 70ｅＶ .ＶａｒｉａｎＳＰ 3 40 0型色谱仪 ,固…     

Comparative surface plasmon resonance and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of a monoclonal antibody with N-acyl homoserine lactones

This study shows the detection of (N-acyl) homoserine lactones (AHLs or HSL) with monoclonal antibodies via a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based immunosensor in comparison to conventional microtiter plate-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An HSL derivative, named HSL2 (Table 1), was attached to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the conjugate (HSL2-BSA-r2) was either covalently immobilised on the SPR sensor chip surface via free amino groups or via adsorption on the ELISA polystyrene plate surface. With a newly developed rat monoclonal antibody (mAb HSL1/2 2C10), AHLs were detected sensitively in a competitive format with SPR and ELISA. Well comparable experiments between SPR and ELISA could be obtained in buffers. Moreover, the SPR sensor surface with the immobilised conjugate HSL2-BSA-r2 could be regenerated at least 340 times (regeneration cycles) without loss of activity. The measurement time per cycle was approximately 15 min. The competitive detection format for SPR and ELISA allowed the detection in the μg L⁻¹ range.     

Deoxyelephantopin and Its Isomer Isodeoxyelephantopin: Anti-Cancer Natural Products with Multiple Modes of Action

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of cancer involves aberrations in multiple pathways, representing promising targets for anti-cancer drug discovery. Natural products are regarded as a rich source for developing anti-cancer therapies due to their unique structures and favorable pharmacology and toxicology profiles. Deoxyelephantopin and isodeoxyelephantopin, sesquiterpene lactone compounds, are major components of Elephantopus scaber and Elephantopus carolinianus, which have long been used as traditional medicines to treat multiple ailments, including liver diseases, diabetes, bronchitis, fever, diarrhea, dysentery, cancer, renal disorders, and inflammation-associated diseases. Recently, deoxyelephantopin and isodeoxyelephantopin have been extensively explored for their anti-cancer activities. This review summarizes and discusses the anti-cancer activities of deoxyelephantopin and isodeoxyelephantopin, with an emphasis on their modes of action and molecular targets. Both compounds disrupt several processes involved in cancer progression by targeting multiple signaling pathways deregulated in cancers, including cell cycle and proliferation, cell survival, autophagy, and invasion pathways. Future directions of research on these two compounds towards anti-cancer drug development are discussed.     

川芎中内酯类化学成分的提取与溶剂萃取分离方法研究

以川芎中4种主要内酯的总量为指标,系统地研究了乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、回流次数、回流温度、萃取溶剂种类和用量等因素对水浴回流法提取川芎内酯的影响,确定了川芎内酯的最佳提取工艺:10倍量体积分数75%的乙醇,60℃水浴中回流提取两次,乙酸乙酯作萃取溶剂,萃取溶剂的最佳用量为11mL/g药材。经反相高效液相色谱法测定,溶剂萃取后的提取物中4种主要内酯(洋川芎内酯-H、洋川芎内酯-I、瑟丹酸内酯和蒿本内酯)的总量为24%~30%。     

Synthesis of macrocyclic lactones with methoxysulfonyl side chain

Two representative macrocyclic lactones with methoxysulfonyl side chain（5a and 5b）were synthesized employing Michael addition with acrolein and ring enlargement as the key steps,starting from potassium,α-oxocycloaikylsulfonates（1）in total yields of 45 and 57%,respectively.     

Conversions of Coumarins Accompanied by Intermediate Opening and Recyclization of the Lactone Ring. 2. Study of the Interaction of Malonic Acid Hydrazide and Amide Derivatives with 3-Acyl(3-cyano, 3-ethoxycarbonyl)Coumarins

Reaction between the N,N′-diisopropylidene and N,N′-diacetyl derivatives of malonic acid dihydrazide and 3-acyl(3-cyano, 3-ethoxycarbonyl)coumarins under the conditions of the Michael reaction lead to the formation of N′-isopropylidene and N′-acetyl derivatives of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide. Ethoxycarbonylacethydrazide reacts in an analogous manner. Special features have been studied of the interaction of malonic acid amide derivatives with unsubstituted coumarin and with coumarins containing electron-withdrawing groupings in position 3 of the ring. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1502–1514, October, 2005.