利用修正低雷诺数k—ε模型对管道分离流动的数值研究

采用适合于分离流的修正低雷诺数ｋ－ε模型对突扩园管中的流动进行了数值研究，重点是对近壁流动和再附着点附近流动的研究。从理论上证明了所采用的湍流模型既满足近壁渐进行为，又避免了在通过再附着点截面上μｔ恒为０的困难。和已有的实验数据比较表明，所采用的模型对再附点位置及其附近的流动预测能力优于普通低雷诺数ｋ－ε模型。     

爆炸荷载下矩形板的塑性动力响应

本文采用Jones-Sawczuk控制方程,导出了脉冲荷载下矩形板最大残余挠度的简单理论计算公式,并应用该公式和动态屈服条件,计算了固支方板在爆炸荷载下的最大残余挠度值,与试验结果比较,取得了令人满意的结果。     

拉压性能不同材料全量型本构关系及厚壁筒的应力分析

将经典全量理论作了推广，考虑了应力状态及塑性体积变形对拉压性能不同材料的塑性行为的影响。应用该本构模型分别计算了厚壁筒在内压和外压作用下的应力分布。给出了径向应力、环向应力和轴向应力沿壁厚的分布图。将本文的计算解与拉压性能相同(不考虑体积变形、强化曲线唯一)的幂函数强化材料的厚壁筒的理论解进行了比较。结果表明，材料的拉压性能不同对厚壁筒的环向应力和轴向应力影响较大。因此，对于拉压性能不同材料，考虑到其对应力状态及塑性体积变形敏感时，是不能将其简化成拉压性能相同、体积不可压缩、强化曲线唯一的理想材料。     

Three-dimensional micromechanical modeling of voided polymeric materials

A three-dimensional micromechanical unit cell model for particle-filled materials is presented. The cell model is based on a Voronoi tessellation of particles arranged on a body-centered cubic (BCC) array. The three-dimensionality of the present cell model enables the study of several deformation modes, including uniaxial, plane strain and simple shear deformations, as well as arbitrary principal stress states.The unit cell model is applied to studies on the micromechanical and macromechanical behavior of rubber-toughened polycarbonate. Different load cases are examined, including plane strain deformation, simple shear deformation and principal stress states. For a constant macroscopic strain rate, the different load cases show that the macroscopic flow strength of the blend decreases with an increase in void volume fraction, as expected. The main mechanism for plastic deformation is broad shear banding across inter-particle ligaments. The distributed nature of plastic straining acts to reduce the amount of macroscopic strain softening in the blend as the initial void volume fraction is increased. In the case of plane strain deformation, the plastic flow is observed to initiate across inter-particle ligaments in the direction of constraint. This particular mode of deformation could not have been captured using a two-dimensional, plane strain idealization of cylindrical voids in a matrix.The potential for localized crazing and/or cavitation in the matrix is addressed. It is observed that the introduction of voids acts to relieve hydrostatic stress in the matrix material, compared to the homopolymer. It is also seen that the predicted peak hydrostatic stress in the matrix is higher under plane strain deformation than under triaxial tension (with equal lateral stresses), for the same macroscopic stress triaxiality.The effect of void volume fraction on the macroscopic uniaxial tension behavior of the different blends is examined using a Considère construction for dilatant materials. The natural draw ratio was predicted to decrease with an increase in void volume fraction.     

4106航空润滑油拖动特性研究

采用高速球-盘式拖动力试验装置测定了4106航空润滑油在不同载荷、滚动速度、入口油温及滑滚比下的拖动系数,分析了润滑油的拖动特性,建立了拖动系数的简单计算公式.结果表明:4106航空润滑油的拖动系数随着载荷变化出现转折;在高速和高压条件下,4106航空润滑油呈现非牛顿特性;当入口油温较低时润滑油的热效应较显著;随着载荷增大,入口油温和滚动速度对拖动系数的影响减小;理论计算结果同实测值吻合良好.     

稀土对Fe基合金激光熔覆层抗磨性能的影响

在Fe基合金粉末中引入La2O3,通过激光熔覆得到了同基材结合良好的熔覆层,用扫描电子显微镜观察了稀土含量对熔覆层组织形貌的影响,用显微硬度计测量了熔覆层的硬度分布,并采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同熔覆层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,引入稀土有利于促进晶粒细化,提高熔覆层的组织均匀性及表面硬度,从而改善熔覆层的摩擦磨损性能.     

粉煤灰填充聚氯乙烯复合材料的摩擦学特性研究

用热压方法制备了不同粉煤灰粒度及含量的聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料，在MM—200型环—块摩擦磨损试验机上评价了复合材料同淬火45^#钢在干摩擦条件下对摩时的摩擦磨损性能，用扫描电子显微镜及光学显微镜观察分析磨损表面．结果表明：当粉煤灰质量分数为40％时，填充PVC复合材料的硬度最高，相应的磨损率最低，比纯PVC的磨损率低2个数量级以上；粉煤灰粒度越小，复合材料的硬度越高，耐磨性越好．     

原位TiC颗粒增强灰铸铁复合材料的组织及其摩擦磨损性能

采用原位反应铸造法制备了TiC颗粒增强灰铸铁复合材料,并考察了复合材料的组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能．结果表明：随着合金熔体中Ti含量增加,复合材料中TiC颗粒的数量增加,尺寸减小,而石墨的数量降低,且其形态由片状转化为点状;含有大量TiC颗粒及少量点状石墨的复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性优良,即使在较高载荷下,复合材料中的TiC颗粒和点状石墨仍具有协同减摩抗磨作用,从而使得复合材料的摩擦磨损性能优于普通灰铸铁．