硼化含氮杂环衍生物的摩擦学性能研究

从分子设计的观点出发，设计并合成了硼化含氮杂环衍生物，考察了其作为润滑油添加剂的抗磨性能，并通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪分析探讨了其在基础油中的抗磨作用机理．结果表明：所合成的硼化杂环衍生物添加剂在摩擦表面生成了由非牺牲性B2O3沉积层、氧化物、酸性氧化产物和聚合物组成的润滑及防护薄膜，从而有效地起到抗磨作用．     

Unraveling the Intrinsic Color of Chlorophyll

The exact color of light absorbed by chlorophyll (Chl) pigments, the light‐harvesters in photosynthesis, is tuned by the protein microenvironment, but without knowledge of the intrinsic color of Chl it remains unclear how large this effect is. Experimental first absorption energies of Chl a and b isolated in vacuo and tagged with quaternary ammonium cations are reported. The energies are largely insensitive to details of the tag structure, a finding supported by first‐principles calculations using time‐dependent density functional theory. Absorption is significantly blue‐shifted compared to that of Chl‐containing proteins (by 30–70 nm). A single red‐shifting perturbation, such as axial ligation or the protein medium, is insufficient to account even for the smallest shift; the largest requires pigment–pigment interactions.     

二维可积系统的求迹公式和周期轨道的量子化

从Berry–Tabor求迹公式出发,导出了二维可积系统周期轨道作用量的半经典量子化条件.利用此量子化条件,考虑周期轨道满足的周期条件,得到了二维无关联四次振子系统周期轨道作用量的半经典量子化条件,并给出了半经典能级公式.对能级与周期轨道的对应关系做了分析.     

In vitro measurement of sun protection factor of sunscreens by diffuse transmittance

The measurement of sunscreens using an in vitro technique that correlates to in vivo measurements has been proposed for many years. In vivo testing, where human volunteers are subjected to potentially damaging and carcinogenic doses of ultraviolet radiation, has been the method of choice by regulatory agencies for determining the efficacy of sunscreens to protect humans from both sunburn (solar erythema) and potential skin cancers related to high UV doses. The problems with in vitro measurements are many fold. A normal spectrophotometer cannot accurately capture the transmitted light from a sunscreen, since both the media and the sunscreen may scatter the incident and transmitted radiation. Secondly, a suitable substrate for dispersing the potential sun protective agent must be found – a material that transmits sufficiently over the range of interest of measurement but also has a texture similar to the human epidermis to allow for proper dispersion of the sunscreen.

This paper will discuss the theory of measurement of diffuse transmittance measurements, including the various instrument geometries used to make such measurements. It will also address the calculations required to convert transmittance values to that of sun protection factor. Finally, there is a discussion of substrates for in vitro measurements.     

Gene transfection using biodegradable nanospheres: results in tissue culture and a rat osteotomy model

In this paper, we have investigated sustained release biodegradable nanospheres for the delivery of plasmid DNA. The nanospheres were formulated using a proprietary co-polymer emulsion technique to encapsulate plasmid DNA. Gene transfection with nanospheres containing reporter genes (human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP) or Luciferase) was demonstrated in tissue culture (293T and COS-7 cells), and also in vivo in a nonunion femoral fracture (osteotomy) rat model. The bone gap was filled with nanospheres and gene expression in the implantation site was measured five weeks after the initial surgery. The nanospheres had a mean diameter of 230 nm, with a DNA loading of 0.7%w/w. These nanospheres demonstrated sustained release of the encapsulated DNA under in vitro physiologic conditions with an 82% cumulative DNA release over 17 days. The transfection efficiency of the nanospheres in tissue culture was two to five orders of magnitude greater than the gene expression with the same amount of plasmid DNA in solution. In the rat studies, the mean AP activity in the tissue retrieved from the osteotomy site in the experimental group was 291.8±52.5 cpm Versus 54.1±26.5 cpm (mean±S.E.M., P=0.03) in the sham control group. In conclusion, plasmid DNA nanospheres could be used as an effective nonviral method of gene delivery. In the future, nanospheres containing therapeutic genes, such as those encoding parathyroid hormone peptide, 1–34 amino acids (PTH-34) or Bone Morphogenic Protein-4 (BMP-4), could be used for the healing of nonunion bone fracture sites.     

Local linear operators and multicontour solutions of homogeneous coupled map lattices

Theorems are proved establishing a relationship between the spectra of the linear operators of the formA+Ωg _iB_ig_i ⁻¹ andA+B _i, whereg _i∈G, andG is a group acting by linear isometric operators. It is assumed that the closed operatorsA andB _i possess the following property: ‖B _iA⁻¹gB_jA⁻¹‖→0 asd(e,g)→∞. Hered is a left-invariant metric onG ande is the unit ofG. Moreover, the operatorA is invariant with respect to the action of the groupG. These theorems are applied to the proof of the existence of multicontour solutions of dynamical systems on lattices. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 37–47, January, 1999.     

On based-free actions of compact lie groups on the hilbert cube

It is proved that a based-free action α of a given compact Lie groupG on the Hilbert cubeQ is equivalent to the standard based-free action σ if and only if the orbit spaceQ ₀/α of the free partQ ₀=Q* is aQ-manifold having the proper homotopy type of the orbit spaceQ ₀/σ. The existence of an equivariant retraction (Q ₀, σ)→(Q ₀, α) is established. It is proved that for any TikhonovG-spaceX the family of all equivariant mapsX→ conG separates the points and the closed sets inX. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 163–174, February, 1999.     

γ-环糊精-中性红包合物与鲱鱼精DNA的相互作用

采用紫外-可见、荧光光谱等研究手段.确定了γ-环糊精-中性红包合物(γ-CD-NR)与鲱鱼精DNA之间存在嵌插和静电两种作用方式.用摩尔比法和舣倒数法确定了γ-CD与NR的包合比~n_(γCD-NR):nNR=1:1,包合常数K_f=2.08×10~3 L·mol~(-1).γ-CD-NR包合物与鲱鱼精DNA的结合比n_(γCD-NR):n_(DNA)=4:1,结合常数K_25℃~θ=2. 11 × 10~6L·mol~(-1).化学热力学研究显示γ-CD-NR包合物与鲱鱼精DNA的结合为熵驱动.以吖啶橙(AO)作荧光探针,研究发现γ-CD-NR包合物和AO在与DNA作用时存在竞争作用.     

荧光光谱法研究核黄素与鲱鱼精DNA的相互作用

在B-R缓冲溶液中, 以吖啶橙(AO)作荧光探针研究了核黄素(RF)与DNA的相互作用. 在pH值为7.25时, 荧光光谱研究表明, RF与DNA发生作用生成了复合物, 其结合比为n_RF∶n_DNA＝5∶1, 28 ℃时RF与DNA的结合常数K＝2.53×10⁶ L/mol; 并运用双倒数法求得RF与DNA相互作用的 为－6.06×10⁴ J/mol, 为－78.70 J/(mol•K), 28 ℃时的 为－3.69×10⁴ J/mol. 同时通过粘度法、盐效应和Scatchard法等研究了RF与DNA的作用方式, 确定了在该实验条件下RF与鲱鱼精DNA之间主要为沟面和静电作用方式.