Asymptotic bounds for the expected L error of a multivariate kernel density estimator

The kernel estimator of a multivariate probability density function is studied. An asymptotic upper bound for the expected L¹ error of the estimator is derived. An asymptotic lower bound result and a formula for the exact asymptotic error are also given. The goodness of the smoothing parameter value derived by minimizing an explicit upper bound is examined in numerical simulations that consist of two different experiments. First, the L¹ error is estimated using numerical integration and, second, the effect of the choice of the smoothing parameter in discrimination tasks is studied.     

From Quantum State Targeting to Bell Inequalities

Quantum state targeting is a quantum game which results from combining traditional quantum state estimation with additional classical information. We consider a particular version of the game and show how it can be played with maximally entangled states. The optimal solution of the game is used to derive a Bell inequality for two entangled qutrits. We argue that the nice properties of the inequality are direct consequences of the method of construction.     

Practical method validation: Validation sufficient for an analysis method

Validation of an analysis method depends on the purpose of the method, the chosen technique and the procedure in question. Methods are used for different research, product development, process control and quality control purposes. The human and economical importance of results vary. Each of the techniques used, such as chromatography-(HPLC, HRGC, TLC), capillary electrophoresis-(CE), spectrophotometry-(UV/VIS, IR, fluorescence, AAS, ICP) or spectrometric techniques (NMR, MS) as well as the hyphenated methods, have their own special features and deficiencies which must be considered. The method can include a simple pretreatment or it may include many demanding steps, it can use automation and data processing in various ways, it can have an official status, it can be a thoroughly verified or less studied one. How should these differences be accounted for during the validation? What would be a sufficient certainty that the method does what is expected, that the method fits for the purpose it was intended? The client (or authority) decides the required timetable, cost and quality level. This is why within a laboratory different quality levels and associated levels of validation exist. This paper tries to outline a practical test frame for validation efforts to assist the analyst when planning validation of a method.     

菲涅耳实验的一点改进

一种测量两虚光源距离的方法。     

A note on the ‘underadjustment phenomenon’

In recent work in the area of employment discrimination statistics we have noticed that a basic formula quantifying the degree of underadjustment bias in regression coefficients seems not to have been clearly stated and proved. We believe the underadjustment phenomenon to be of great importance in assessing the validity of multiple regression studies of wage disparities in equal employment litigation, and of observational studies involving two populations in general. Since the argument is based entirely on some simple mathematical features of the linear model, the result should be of interest in other fields of application as well.     

Remote interactions on two distributed quantum systems： nonlocal unambiguous quantum-state discrimination

Remote quantum-state discrimination is a critical step for the implementation of quantum communication network and distributed quantum computation. We present a protocol for remotely implementing the unambiguous discrimination between nonorthogonal states using quantum entanglements, local operations, and classical communications. This protocol consists of a remote generalized measurement described by a positive operator valued measurement （POVM）. We explicitly construct the required remote POVM. The remote POVM can be realized by performing a nonlocal controlled-rotation operation on two spatially separated qubits, one is an ancillary qubit and the other is the qubit which is encoded by two nonorthogonal states to be distinguished, and a conventional local Von Neumann orthogonal measurement on the ancilla. The particular pair of states that can be remotely and unambiguously distinguished is specified by the state of the ancilla. The probability of successful discrimination is not optimal for all admissible pairs. However, for some subset it can be very close to an optimal value in an ordinary local POVM.     

烟幕对光电观瞄设备干扰效果的评估准则

为定量、客观评估烟幕对光电观瞄设备的干扰效果，应用Johnson准则和数字图像处理方法，提出了四种评估准则：目标鉴别等级准则、目标鉴别概率准则、作用距离准则和相似度准则．目标鉴别等级准则、目标鉴别概率准则和作用距离准则分别依据实施干扰前后光电观瞄设备的目标鉴别等级、目标鉴别概率和作用距离的变化评估烟幕对光电观瞄设备的干扰效果．相似度准则利用光电观瞄设备在实施干扰前后图像之间的相似度评估烟幕干扰效果．     

External optical feedback effects in a frequency locking dual frequency laser

We present a systematic study of external optical feedback effects on the output characteristics of the two orthogonally polarized modes in a frequency locking dual frequency laser. Accompanied by the change of the external cavity length, the length of the resonance cavity is changed very slowly to set the oscillating modes sweeping across the laser gain curve. Comprehensive results are obtained and a strong mode competition is observed. Particularly, when the laser runs in the middle region of the gain curve, which mode can oscillate is determined by the movement direction of the external feedback mirror. Based on the phenomenon, a displacement sensor with directional discrimination is proposed and its capability is also discussed.     

Uncertainty Analysis in Triangle Orientation Discrimination Threshold Measurement

The Triangle Orientation Discrimination Threshold (TOD) is a new figure of merit for characterizing the performance of an infrared imager. In this paper, focusing on a reflective infrared target projector, the TOD curve is measured utilizing four alternative forced choice (4AFC) test method. Furthermore, the dominant sources affecting uncertainties in the TOD measure values, are analyzed in detail, the effective temperature difference, sensor, and observer. And, the variation of the TOD measurement is described quantitatively utilizing the uncertainty analysis theory. Simulation results show that the TOD measurement values vary in a small range, which show a higher stability than minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) measure values. Project supported by National natural foundation of China (No: 60477038).     

Intracellular Entropy-Driven Multi-Bit DNA Computing for Tumor Progression Discrimination

Tumor progressions such as metastasis are complicated events that involve abnormal expression of different miRNAs and enzymes. Monitoring these biomolecules in live cells with computational DNA nanotechnology may enable discrimination of tumor progression via digital outputs. Herein, we report intracellular entropy-driven multivalent DNA circuits to implement multi-bit computing for simultaneous analysis of intracellular telomerase and microRNAs including miR-21 and miR-31. These three biomolecules can trigger respective DNA strand displacement recycling reactions for signal amplification. They are visualized by fluorescence imaging, and their signal outputs are encoded as multi-bit binary codes for different cell types. The results can discriminate non-tumorigenic, malignant and metastatic breast cells as well as respective tumors. This DNA computing circuit is further performed in a microfluidic chip to differentiate rare co-cultured cells, which holds a potential for the analysis of clinical samples.