河南麦区收割对大气颗粒物及其组分特征排放的影响

农业收割期间排放的颗粒物是农忙期影响大气气溶胶组成的主要来源,因此明确农业收割期间排放的大气颗粒物排放特征具有重要意义。本实验立足河南省新乡市集约化农田实验基地,开展冬小麦区农业收割期间的大气颗粒物及其组分排放特征实验。结果表明收割期间的PMcoarse比其它时期高8.20%,农业站点收割时期的PMcoarse比其它时期高了72.22%,明确了其颗粒物污染特征为仅PM₁₀升高,而非PM₁₀和PM_2.5同时升高,同时PM₁₀的升高非PM_2.5升高引起的;含量最高的前5种元素是Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg;收割期间,Fe的特征比值最高为0.79;Ca₂₊^和K₊^{离子百分含量在}PMcoarse中占比最高;特征值为0.81和0.78。综合水溶性离子和元素结果,Ca₂₊^、K₊^、Fe浓度协同变化可作为小麦收割过程颗粒物对大气污染影响的指纹识别,以区别于其他污染类型;便于大气污染防治行政主管部门有针对性的查污、防污、治污,提高人民群众生活环境的空气质量。     

核磁共振分析技术在重油表征中的研究进展

重油的开发和利用日趋重要。只有对重油的结构和组成有充分的了解,才能合理地利用这部分有限的资源。核磁共振谱图能够直接反映出碳、氢及杂原子所处的化学环境,且分析简便、快捷,从而成为沥青、渣油等重油的结构组成分析的有力工具。本文概述了近年来核磁共振技术在重油结构和组成分析方面所做的主要研究。     

云南重楼中的新甾体皂苷

从云南重楼Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis(France. )Hand.-Mazz.的干燥根茎中分离鉴定了4个甾体皂苷(1~4), 其中化合物1是新化合物, 采用波谱技术鉴定其结构为24-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-(23S,24S)-螺甾-5, 25(27)-二烯-1β,3β,23,24-四醇-1-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷.     

黄绿色葡萄石的矿物学特征及谱学研究

葡萄石可以以板状、片状、葡萄状、肾状、放射状或块状集合体的形式产出,因其美丽的外观和特殊的晶体结构,近年来受到了学者的广泛关注。本文通过电子探针、粉晶X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、显微拉曼光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计等仪器对黄绿色葡萄石的成分、结构及谱学特征进行了分析与探讨。葡萄石的主要致色元素为Fe,且Fe³⁺经常取代Al³⁺占据八面体配位,Fe²⁺经常取代Ca²⁺存在于空隙中。电子探针数据表明:Fe与Al的含量变化整体呈现负相关关系,Fe与Ca的含量变化也整体呈现负相关关系,Fe含量相对较高的样品其黄绿色调加深。XRD图谱和拉曼光谱的结果表明:在葡萄石中绿帘石以包裹体的形式存在。红外光谱和拉曼光谱表明葡萄石中存在硅氧四面体和铝氧八面体两种架构,紫外可见吸收光谱揭示了葡萄石的致色机理。本文对葡萄石的矿物学特征及谱学特征进行系统分析,为后续葡萄石的进一步研究提供思路与实验数据。     

New Interfaces and Approaches to Machine Learning When Classifying Gestures within Music

Interactive music uses wearable sensors (i.e., gestural interfaces—GIs) and biometric datasets to reinvent traditional human–computer interaction and enhance music composition. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has been important for the artform. This is because ML helps process complex biometric datasets from GIs when predicting musical actions (termed performance gestures). ML allows musicians to create novel interactions with digital media. Wekinator is a popular ML software amongst artists, allowing users to train models through demonstration. It is built on the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) framework, which is used to build supervised predictive models. Previous research has used biometric data from GIs to train specific ML models. However, previous research does not inform optimum ML model choice, within music, or compare model performance. Wekinator offers several ML models. Thus, we used Wekinator and the Myo armband GI and study three performance gestures for piano practice to solve this problem. Using these, we trained all models in Wekinator and investigated their accuracy, how gesture representation affects model accuracy and if optimisation can arise. Results show that neural networks are the strongest continuous classifiers, mapping behaviour differs amongst continuous models, optimisation can occur and gesture representation disparately affects model mapping behaviour; impacting music practice.     

有机成分标准物质的研究

列出了国家标准物质研究中心最近研制的有机成分标准物质。高纯度、定值准确可靠、良好的溯源性和系列性是这些标准物质的特点。对其应用作了介绍,并指出了将来的研究方向。     

丙烯／长链α－烯烃共聚物的~（13）C—NMR和红外光谱法测定组成

丙烯／长链α－烯烃共聚物的~（１３）Ｃ—ＮＭＲ和红外光谱法测定组成陈辉，王建国，景凤英，庞德仁，黄葆同（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，长春，１３００２２）关键词丙烯／长链α－烯烃共聚物，（１３）~Ｃ—ＮＭＲ，红外光谱法，组成测定聚丙烯（ＰＰ）作为通用塑...     

土壤淋溶柱色谱中同系物、氯代苯保留值与流动相组成、沸点的交点规律

基于土壤淋溶柱色谱符合logk'-ψ的线性保留方程,在同系物（正构烷基苯、甲基苯）和氯代苯中,同类溶质与固定相（土壤）和淋洗剂（甲醇-水）有相似的作用方式,所以溶质保留值（logk'）与淋洗剂有机调节剂浓度间存在浓度交点,与沸点间存在沸点交点规律,并用实验进行了验证。     

Nondestructive in‐depth composition profile of oxy‐hydroxide nanolayers on iron surfaces from ARXPS measurement

In this work the maximum entropy method (MEM) is applied, for the first time, to angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) data from oxy‐hydroxide films on iron surfaces. This nondestructively derives information on the in‐depth distribution of the composition and chemical state. An MEM algorithm was created and first tested on the simulated data. The reconstructed composition depth profiles agreed very well with the theoretical ones up to 5% Gaussian noise added to the data. The same algorithm was then applied to ARXPS data from iron samples to investigate the in‐depth variations in the composition and chemical state of the nanosized oxy‐hydroxide film naturally grown on the iron surface. The resulting surface film presents a complex multilayer structure with concentration gradients. The effect of air exposure on the structure was also investigated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

茂金属聚乙烯薄膜中晶点的组成与结构

茂金属聚乙烯薄膜中晶点的组成与结构;茂金属聚乙烯;晶点;薄膜;组成;结构