Synthesis,Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of Sterically Protected Molybdenum Trihydride Redox Pairs: A Paramagnetic “Stretched” Dihydrogen Complex?

Complexes [MoCp(#)(PMe(3))(2)H(3)] (Cp(#)=1,2,4-C(5)H(2)tBu(3), 2 a; C(5)HiPr(4), 2 b) have been synthesized from the corresponding compounds [MoCp(#)Cl(4)] (1 a, 1 b) and fully characterized, including by X-ray crystallography and by a neutron diffraction study for 2 a. Protonation of 2 a led to complex [Mo(1,2,4-C(5)H(2)tBu(3))(PMe(3))(2)H(4)](+) (3 a) in THF and to [Mo(1,2,4-C(5)H(2)tBu(3))(PMe(3))(2)(MeCN)H(2)](+) (4 a) in MeCN. Complex 4 b analogously derives from protonation of 2 b in MeCN, whereas the tetrahydride complex 3 b is unstable. One-electron oxidation of 2 a and 2 b by [FeCp(2)]PF(6) produces the EPR-active 17-electron complexes 2 a(+) and 2 b(+). The former is thermally more stable than the latter and could be crystallographically characterized as the PF(6) (-) salt by X-ray diffraction, providing evidence for the presence of a stretched dihydrogen ligand (H...H=1.36(6) angstroms). Controlled thermal decomposition of 2 a(+) yielded the product of H(2) elimination, the 15-electron monohydride complex [Mo(1,2,4-C(5)H(2)tBu(3))(PMe(3))(2)H]PF(6) (5 a), which was characterized by X-ray crystallography and by EPR spectroscopy at liquid He temperature. The compound establishes an equilibrium with the solvent adduct in THF. An electrochemical study by cyclic voltammetry provides further evidence for a rapid H(2) elimination process from the 17-electron complexes. In contrast to the previously investigated [MoCp*(dppe)H(3)](+) system (dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), the decomposition of 2 a(+) by H(2) substitution with a solvent molecule appears to follow a dissociative pathway in MeCN.     

Synthesis and characterisation of nonclassical ruthenium hydride complexes containing chelating bidentate and tridentate phosphine ligands

The synthesis and characterisation of nonclassical ruthenium hydride complexes containing bidentate PP and tridentate PCP and PNP pincer-type ligands are described. The mononuclear and dinuclear ruthenium complexes presented have been synthesised in moderate to high yields by the direct hydrogenation route (one-pot synthesis) or in a two-step procedure. In both cases [Ru(cod)(metallyl)(2)] served as a readily available precursor. The influences of the coordination geometry and the ligand framework on the structure, binding, and chemical properties of the M--H(2) fragments were studied by X-ray crystal structure analysis, spectroscopic methods, and reactivity towards N(2), D(2), and deuterated solvents.     

Conductivity of Phosphoric Acid, Sodium, Potassium, and Ammonium Phosphates in Dilute Aqueous Solutions from 278.15 K to 308.15 K

Precise conductivity measurements on aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, and potassium phosphate were performed from 5 to 35°C. Data analysis was executed by the use of the Quint–Viallard equation for unsymmetrical electrolytes. Equations are given for the concentration dependence of electrolyte and single-ion conductivities at all temperatures.     

离子色谱法测定食品添加剂磷酸二氢铵中氟离子含量

建立了离子色谱测定食品添加剂磷酸二氢铵中的氟离子含量的方法。结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,食品添加剂磷酸二氢铵中的NH4+,PO43-及SO42-等杂质均不干扰F-的测定。采用标准曲线法定量,F-浓度在4~50μg/mL的范围内,线性方程为y=0.099 48x-0.108 0,线性相关系数为0.999 9,方法的检出限为0.15μg/mL,加标回收率为96.9%~101.6%,该方法具有简单、快速、重现性好等优点。     

改性活性炭负载三聚磷酸二氢铝催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

采用硝酸改性活性炭后负载三聚磷二氢铝用于催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,通过单因素实验考察醇醛摩尔比、催化剂用量及反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响,并采用正交实验获取较佳工艺条件。 结果表明,该催化反应中,当反应温度为110 ℃时,各因素对收率的影响顺序为:醇醛比>反应时间>带水剂加入量>催化剂用量。 优化反应条件为:苯甲醛0.2 mol,醇醛摩尔比2.5,反应时间75 min,催化剂加入量4%(占反应物总质量),带水剂加入量25 mL,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率86.5%,催化剂经5次重复使用后收率仍大于86.0%。     

Computational Evidence for a New Type of η(2) -H(2) Complex: When Main-Group Elements Act in Concert To Emulate Transition Metals

A bit on the side: A computational study of the reaction between a diphosphinoborane and dihydrogen has shown that, in marked contrast to other FLP systems, the reaction involves a symmetric dihydrogen complex as an intermediate. Thorough analysis has revealed an unusual bonding situation, namely side-on coordination of H(2) to the central boron center and weak contacts with the peripheral donor phosphine groups.     

Mechanistic investigations in α‐hydroxycarbonyls reduction by BH4‐

BH₄^‐, a well‐known and widely used reducing agent for carbonyl compounds, has been reported to have the ability to participate in dihydrogen bonding, an interaction with applications in catalysis, stereoselectivity and crystal engineering. Specifically, α‐hydroxycarbonyls are activated for reduction by dihydrogen bonding that occurs between BH₄^‐ and hydroxyl group. We explored the effect of the interaction on the mechanism of these reactions by examining their activation parameters. We found that dihydrogen bonding activates α‐hydroxycyclopentanone for reduction with NBu₄BH₄ by lowering the activation enthalpy by 6.6 kcal/mol. While the activation entropy is a significant component of the barrier, the changes resulting from the occurrence of dihydrogen bonding are manifested predominantly in the enthalpy term. Computational studies suggest that, while internal hydrogen bonding is allowed by the flexibility of the carbon backbone, that interaction is outweighed by dihydrogen bonding once BH₄^‐ is present in the system. Experimentally, a red shift of the hydroxyl frequency is observed upon addition of BH₄^‐ to the reaction mixture, suggesting a dihydrogen bonding interaction. The flexibility of the substrate's skeleton or the selectivity of the hydride sites in BH₄^‐ does not account for the lack of directing effect of the dihydrogen bonding. When a substrate with a rigid naphthalene backbone moiety, 2‐hydroxyacenaphthylen‐1(2H)‐one, is reduced, the stereochemical outcome is very similar to the one corresponding to the α‐hydroxycyclopentanone. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solar Fuels: Visible‐Light‐Driven Generation of Dihydrogen at p‐Type Silicon Electrocatalysed by Molybdenum Hydrides

We show that a robust molybdenum hydride system can sustain photoelectrocatalysis of a hydrogen evolution reaction at boron‐doped, hydrogen‐terminated, p‐type silicon. The photovoltage for the system is about 600–650 mV and the current densities, which can be sustained at the photocathode in non‐catalytic and catalytic regimes, are similar to those at a photoinert vitreous carbon electrode. The kinetics of electrocatalysed hydrogen evolution at the photocathode are also very similar to those measured at vitreous carbon—evidently visible light does not significantly perturb the catalytic mechanism. Importantly, we show that the doped (1–10 Ω cm) p‐type Si can function perfectly well in the dark as an ohmic conductor and this has allowed direct comparison of the cyclic voltammetric behaviour of the response of the system under dark and illuminated conditions at the same electrode. The p‐type Si we have employed optimally harvests light energy in the 600–700 nm region and with 37 mW cm^?2 illumination in this range; the light to electrochemical energy conversion is estimated to be 2.8 %. The current yield of hydrogen under broad tungsten halide lamp illumination at 90 mW cm^?2 is (91±5) % with a corresponding chemical yield of (98±5) %.     

锇胺分子氢配合物的研究进展

由于锇胺分子氢配合物中有特殊的键M(η2 H2 )和特殊的配体 分子氢的存在 ,故而具有丰富的取代化学和特殊的光谱性质。在无机化学、配位化学、生物、医药等方面都有极为广阔的应用前景。本文就此进行了简要的回顾与展望