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21.
Using filament stretching rheometry to predict strand formation and “processability” in adhesives and other non-Newtonian fluids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spinning of polymeric fibers, the processing of numerous foodstuffs and the peel and tack characteristics of adhesives
are all associated with the formation, stability and, ultimately, the longevity of thin fluid `strands'. This tendency to
form strands is usually described in terms of the tackiness of the fluid or by heuristic concepts such as `stringiness' (Lakrout
et al. J Adhesion 1999). The dynamics of such processes are complicated due to spatially and temporally non-homogeneous growth
of extensional stresses, the action of capillary forces and the evaporation of volatile solvents. We describe the development
and application of a simple instrument referred to as a microfilament rheometer (MFR) that can be used to readily differentiate
between the dynamical response of different pressure-sensitive adhesive fluid formulations. The device relies on a quantitative
observation of the rate of extensional thinning or `necking' of a thin viscous or viscoelastic fluid filament in which the
solvent is free to evaporate across the free surface. This high-resolution measurement of the radial profile provides a direct
indication of the ultimate time to break up of the fluid filament. This critical time is a sensitive function of the rheological
properties of the fluid and the mass transfer characteristics of the solvent, and can be conveniently reported in terms of
a new dimensionless quantity we refer to as a processability parameter P. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technique by presenting our results in the form of a case study in which we measure
the visco-elasto-capillary thinning of slender liquid filaments for a number of different commercial polymer/solvent formulations
and relate this to the reported processing performance of the materials. We also compare the MFR observations with the prediction
of a simple 1D theory derived from the governing equations that model the capillary thinning of an adhesive filament.
Received: 22 December 1999/Accepted: 4 January 2000 相似文献
22.
23.
Yohann Catel Michel Degrange Loïc Le Pluart Pierre‐Jean Madec Thi‐Nhàn Pham Fei Chen Wayne D. Cook 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(20):5258-5271
Four new monomers, 3‐(N‐methylacrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, 3‐(N‐propyl‐acrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, 3‐(N‐hexylacrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, and 3‐(N‐octylacrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, have been synthesized in good yields and fully characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and HRMS. The copolymerization of these monomers with N,N′‐diethyl‐1,3‐bis(acrylamido)propane (DEBAAP) has been investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. These mixtures show a higher reactivity than DEBAAP. New self‐etch dental primers, based on these acrylamide monomers, have been formulated. Dentin shear bond strength measurements have shown that primers based on these bisphosphonic acids assure a strong bond between the tooth substance and a dental composite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5258–5271, 2009 相似文献
24.
Urea dimethacrylates functionalized with bisphosphonate/bisphosphonic acid for improved dental materials 下载免费PDF全文
Melek Naz Guven Ece Akyol Fatma Demir Duman Havva Yagci Acar Ozlem Karahan Duygu Avci 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2017,55(19):3195-3204
Incorporation of bisphosphonate/bisphosphonic acid groups in dental monomer structures should increase interaction of these monomers with dental tissue as these groups have strong affinity for hydroxyapatite. Therefore, new urea dimethacrylates functionalized with bisphosphonate (1a, 1b) and bisphosphonic acid (2a, 2b) groups are synthesized and evaluated for dental applications. Monomers 1a and 1b are synthesized from 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM) and two bisphosphonated amines (BPA1 and BPA2), prepared as reported elsewhere. Selective dealkylation of the bisphosphonate ester groups of 1a and 1b using trimethylsilyl bromide (TMSBr) gives monomers (2a and 2b) with bisphosphonic acid functionality. X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of monomer‐treated HAP particles show that 2a induces formation of stable monomer‐calcium salts, similar to 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), with higher chemical interaction than 2b. The photopolymerization studies indicate good copolymerizability with commercial dental monomers. In vitro studies on NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells have clearly shown that the tested monomers (1b and 2b) are not toxic according to the MTT standards. All these properties make these monomers suitable as biocompatible cross‐linkers/adhesives for dental applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 3195–3204 相似文献
25.
Vincent Besse Loïc Le Pluart Wayne D. Cook Thi‐Nhàn Pham Pierre‐Jean Madec 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(23):5046-5055
Phosphonic acids are known to be useful monomers in dental restorative materials because of their good potential to provide enhanced adhesion to hydroxyapatite and their high hydrolytic stability. In this study, the photopolymerization of phosphonic acid‐based monomer via the camphorquinone (CQ)/ethyl‐4‐(dimethylaminobenzoate) (EDAB) photoredox system is compared with a ternary system composed of iodonium hexafluorophosphate and CQ/EDAB. Photocalorimetry shows that the ternary system does not provide a significant acceleration of the polymerization with either acrylamide or methacrylate phosphonic acids. The complexation of the iodonium by the phosphonic moiety of the acidic monomers leads to a lowered iodonium reactivity and reduced polarizability of the medium and as a consequence limits the rate enhancement effect normally observed by phosphonic acids on the polymerization rate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 5046–5055 相似文献
26.
Sarang P. Gumfekar Behnam Meschi Amoli Alex Chen Boxin Zhao 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2013,51(19):1448-1455
In this article, the electromechanical properties of silver‐in‐epoxy conductive adhesives with the polyaniline (PANI) micron particles as cofillers have been investigated. PANI is a conductive polymer and has a moderate conductivity in between those of silver and epoxy. It was found that PANI can be used to tailor both the adhesive's electrical contact resistance and its relaxation behavior; however, the effects of adding PANI were complex. The addition of small amount of PANI (2 wt %) dramatically increased the contact resistance; it might block the electrical contacts among silver flakes and was not able to form a continuous path among themselves. The addition of more PANI showed a moderate increase in contact resistance, which increased with the weight fraction of PANI from 6 to 15 wt %. Interdependent behavior of compressive strain and relaxation in electrical contact resistance is characterized to evaluate the origin of this relaxation. The addition of PANI made the relaxation in electrical contact resistance more sensitive to the compressive strain and the electromechanical coupling to deviate from the linear relationship. These research findings provide insights into the way to use PANI to tailor the electromechanical properties of the adhesive bonds or joints in the development of advanced functional devices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013, 51, 1448–1455 相似文献
27.
D. M. Price 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1997,49(2):953-959
Common industrial procedures often expose polymers to liquids and vapors which may affect their thermal properties. By carrying out thermoanalytical measurements under simulated process conditions, the scientist can investigate environmental effects on the properties of the material. Such experiments can also be used to demonstrate the nature of processes taking place. This work illustrates case studies regarding the application of thermogravimetry, thermomechanical, dynamic mechanical and dielectric measurements to monitor the behaviour of fibers, films and adhesives under such conditions. 相似文献
28.
On the use of nickel foil strain gages at varying temperatures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
When a strain gage made of nickel foil attached on the surface of a specimen is subjected to repeated loads, the elastic stress
is measured by observing slip-bands in the foil resulting from repeated strain. Calibration studies with rotating-bending
tests at various temperatures between room temperature and 350°C are performed on round steel bars with nickel foil. The relation
between the threshold stress for the first appearance of slip-bands and the number of stress cycles is examined at varying
temperatures, which provides the calibration values of the nickel foil tested at varying temperatures. Assuming that the first
appearance of slip-bands is based on the linear cumulative damage law, the calibration values at varying temperatures are
calculated from those established by the calibration tests at several constant temperatures. It is found that the calculated
calibration values agree well with the results obtained by the calibration tests at varying temperatures and that the calculation
applying the linear cumulative damage law is a useful method to presume the calibration values at varying temperatures without
performing the experiment. 相似文献
29.
The general topic of this review is protein‐based underwater adhesives produced by aquatic organisms. The focus is on mechanisms of interfacial adhesion to native surfaces and controlled underwater solidification of natural water‐borne adhesives. Four genera that exemplify the broad range of function, general mechanistic features, and unique adaptations are discussed in detail: blue mussels, acorn barnacles, sandcastle worms, and freshwater caddisfly larva. Aquatic surfaces in nature are charged and in equilibrium with their environment, populated by an electrical double layer of ions as well as adsorbed natural polyelectrolytes and microbial biofilms. Surface adsorption of underwater bioadhesives likely occurs by exchange of surface bound ligands by amino acid sidechains, driven primarily by relative affinities and effective concentrations of polymeric functional groups. Most aquatic organisms exploit modified amino acid sidechains, in particular phosphorylated serines and hydroxylated tyrosines (dopa), with high‐surface affinity that form coordinative surface complexes. After delivery to the surfaces as a fluid, permanent natural adhesives solidify to bear sustained loads. Mussel plaques are assembled in a manner superficially reminiscent of in vitro layer‐by‐layer strategies, with sequentially delivered layers associated through Fe(dopa)3 coordination bonds. The adhesives of sandcastle worms, caddisfly larva, and barnacles may be delivered in a form somewhat similar to in vitro complex coacervation. Marine adhesives are secreted, or excreted, into seawater that has a significantly higher pH and ionic strength than the internal environment. Empirical evidence suggests these environment triggers could provide minimalistic, fail‐safe timing mechanisms to prevent premature solidification (insolubilization) of the glue within the secretory system, yet allow rapid solidification after secretion. Underwater bioadhesives are further strengthened by secondary covalent curing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011 相似文献
30.
Lutz Mädler Frank Krumeich Peter Burtscher Norbert Moszner 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2006,8(3-4):323-333
Radiopaque composites have been produced from flame-made ytterbium/silica mixed oxide within a crosslinked methacrylate resin matrix. The refractive index of the filler powder increased with ytterbium oxide loading. A high transparency was achieved for a matching refractive index of the filler powder and the polymer in comparison to commercial materials with 52 wt% ceramic filling. It was demonstrated that powder homogeneity with regard to particle morphology and distribution of the individual metal atoms is essential to obtain a highly transparent composite. In contrast, segregation of crystalline single-oxide phases drastically decreased the composite transparency despite similar specific surface areas, refractive indices and overall composition. The superior physical strength, transparency and radiopacity compared to composites made from conventional silica based-fillers makes the flame-made mixed-oxide fillers especially attractive for dental restoration materials. 相似文献