高压干气密封扭转变形结构因素影响分析

基于圆环理论以及气体润滑理论,以复杂截面机械密封环为研究对象,建立密封扭转变形无量纲分析模型;提出了干气密封端面膜压引起端面扭转变形的计算方法,并基于该法,采用多因素优化法研究密封环结构和辅助密封圈安放位置等因素对其扭转变形的影响规律,以期使结构影响规律化.结果表明:采用解析法与集中法计算膜压扭转变形是可行的;各结构参数对扭转变形的影响规律及程度不同;扭转角随台阶半径比π2、长度比π3、O型圈位置的长度比π5的增大而增大,随宽度比π4、内径ri的增大而减少;扭转角在π4≤3.5时随长宽比π1的增大而减小,当π43.5时,随π1的增大先增大后减小,在π1=2~3间形成最大值;π1值相比π2值,对扭转角影响不大;相比π1、π2、π3和π4的影响,ri和π5影响较小,相比密封结构,O型圈位置影响较小.     

Dynamic stability of externally pressurized elastic rings subjected to high rates of loading

Of interest here is the influence of loading rate on the stability of structures where inertia is taken into account, with particular attention to the comparison between static and dynamic buckling. This work shows the importance of studying stability via perturbations of the initial conditions, since a finite velocity governs the propagation of disturbances. The method of modal analysis that determines the fastest growing wavelength, currently used in the literature to analyze dynamic stability problems, is meaningful only for cases where the velocity of the perfect structure is significantly lower than the associated wave propagation speeds.     

Finite inflation of a hyperelastic toroidal membrane over a cylindrical rim

The present paper is devoted to the study of finite inflation of a hyperelastic toroidal membrane on a cylindrical rim under uniform internal pressure. Both compliant and rigid frictionless rims have been considered. The compliant cylindrical rim is modeled as a linear distributed stiffness. The initial cross-section of the torus is assumed to be circular, and the membrane material is assumed to be a homogeneous and isotropic Mooney–Rivlin solid. The problem is formulated as a two point boundary value problem and solved using a shooting method by employing the Nelder–Meads search technique. The optimization function is constructed on a two (three) dimensional search space for the compliant cylinder (rigid cylinder). The effect of the inflation pressure, material properties and elastic properties of the rim on the state of stretch and stress, and on the geometry of the inflated torus have been studied, and some interesting results have been obtained. The stability of the inflated configurations in terms of occurrence of the impending wrinkling state in the membrane has also been studied.     

Finite elastic deformations of transversely isotropic circular cylindrical tubes

We consider the finite radially symmetric deformation of a circular cylindrical tube of a homogeneous transversely isotropic elastic material subject to axial stretch, radial deformation and torsion, supported by axial load, internal pressure and end moment. Two different directions of transverse isotropy are considered: the radial direction and an arbitrary direction in planes normal locally to the radial direction, the only directions for which the considered deformation is admissible in general. In the absence of body forces, formulas are obtained for the internal pressure, and the resultant axial load and torsional moment on the ends of the tube in respect of a general strain-energy function. For a specific material model of transversely isotropic elasticity, and material and geometrical parameters, numerical results are used to illustrate the dependence of the pressure, (reduced) axial load and moment on the radial stretch and a measure of the torsional deformation for a fixed value of the axial stretch.     

A frictional mortar contact approach for the analysis of large inelastic deformation problems

A multibody frictional mortar contact formulation (Gitterle et al., 2010) is extended for the simulation of solids undergoing finite strains with inelastic material behavior. The framework includes the modeling of finite strain inelastic deformation, the numerical treatment of frictional contact conditions and specific finite element technology. Several well-established and recent models are employed for each of these building blocks to capture the distinct physical aspects of the deformation behavior. The approach is based on a mortar formulation and the enforcement of contact constraints is realized with dual Lagrange multipliers. The introduction of nonlinear complementarity functions into the frictional contact conditions combined with the global equilibrium leads to a system of nonlinear equations, which is solved in terms of the semi-smooth Newton method. The resulting method can be interpreted as a primal–dual active set strategy (PDASS) which deals with contact nonlinearities, material and geometrical nonlinearities in one iterative scheme. The consistent linearization of all building blocks of the framework yields a robust and highly efficient approach for the analysis of metal forming problems. The effect of finite inelastic strains on the solution behavior of the PDASS method is examined in detail based on the complementarity parameters. A comprehensive set of numerical examples is presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the approach against the traditional node-to-segment penalty contact formulation.     

钝圆柱头质量对简支梁的弹性次碰撞研究

该文采用赫兹碰撞理论、三维动力有限元方法和自行研制的次碰撞实验装置,研究了钝圆柱头质量一次坠落碰撞简支钢梁过程的次碰撞现象、次碰撞过程的持续时间和次碰撞发生的条件.实验测试和数值模拟均清楚地观察到了复杂的次碰撞现象.研究结果表明:(1)当梁初始处于静止状态时,将实验测试和数值模拟结果与理论分析结果对比后发现,首个次碰撞过程由局部接触变形主导,并可以采用Hertz弹性碰撞理论来描述;(2)实验和数值模拟结果展现了与首个次碰撞过程特征迥异的后续次碰撞过程,后续次碰撞过程的持续时间出现大范围的随机变化;(3)进一步分析发现,后续次碰撞过程由局部接触变形和梁的整体变形运动共同主导,梁的整体变形运动使得碰撞力响应变得异常复杂;(4)通过数值计算结果发现,当出现次碰撞现象时,碰撞位移响应中的一阶模态幅值占比会突然降低,相位角发生明显的变化;(5)数值计算结果表明,次碰撞发生的条件与质量比、碰撞初速度、碰撞动量、碰撞位置、测试梁长度和厚度等有关;(6)次碰撞发生的条件若用质量比来度量,则发现存在一个质量比阀值.上述研究表明,局部接触变形和梁的整体变形运动相互作用,产生了复杂的耦合效应,使得次碰撞现象呈现了丰富的力学行为.因此,进一步通过理论、实验和数值仿真研究复杂的次碰撞现象,对于深入理解柔性结构的碰撞行为很有必要.     

考虑压力作用的煤吸附/解吸CH_4变形试验研究

气体压力是煤吸附/解吸瓦斯的重要影响因素之一。因此,在实验室通过改变压力差,进行了一次升压/降压和等梯度逐次升压/降压方式吸附/解吸试验。通过比较分析了两种吸附/解吸方式煤变形量大小,研究了两种吸附/解吸方式下煤残余变形量的变化规律。研究结果表明,等梯度逐次升压吸附煤膨胀变形量大于同一压力水一次升压吸附煤膨胀变形量,而两种解吸试验中煤收缩变形量大小关系与之相反,残余变形量大小关系与之相同;同一压力水平下,变压力梯度降压解吸好于等梯度逐次降压解吸。     

Modeling rate-independent hysteresis in large deformations of preconditioned soft tissues

A phenomenological model is proposed for characterizing rate-independent hysteresis exhibited by preconditioned soft tissues. The preconditioned tissue is modeled as an isotropic composite of a hyperelastic component and a dissipative (inelastic) component. Specifically, the constitutive equations are hyperelastic in the sense that the stress is determined by derivatives of a strain energy function. Inelasticity of the dissipative component is controlled by a yield function with different functional forms for the hardening variable during deformation loading and unloading. The constitutive equations proposed in this paper are simple. In particular, they depend on only seven material constants: three controlling the response of the elastic component and the remainder controlling the response of the dissipative component. More importantly, the material constants can be determined to match rather general loading and unloading behavior. It is observed that the hysteretic response of the model compares well with experimental data for passive uniaxial loading/unloading of Manduca muscle. Moreover, the present model treats partial loading and reloading of preconditioned tissue as elastic–plastic response, which is different from the treatment of pseudo-elastic models used in the literature.