Critical points in the Bragg glass phase of a weakly pinned crystal of Ca3Rh4Sn13

New experimental data are presented on the scan rate dependence of the magnetization hysteresis width ΔM(H) (∞ critical current densityJ _c(H)) in isothermalMH scans in a weakly pinned single crystal of Ca₃Rh₄Sn₁₃, which displays second magnetization peak (SMP) anomaly as distinct from the peak effect (PE). We observe an interesting modulation in the field dependence of a parameter which purports to measure the dynamical annealing of the disordered bundles of vortices injected through the sample edges towards the destined equilibrium vortex state at a givenH. These data, in conjunction with the earlier observations made while studying the thermomagnetic history dependence inJ _c(H) in the tracing of the minor hysteresis loops, imply that the partially disordered state heals towards the more ordered state between the peak field of the SMP anomaly and the onset field of the PE. The vortex phase diagram in the given crystal of Ca₃Rh₄Sn₁₃ has been updated in the context of the notion of the phase coexistence of the ordered and disordered regions between the onset field of the SMP anomaly and the spinodal line located just prior to the irreversibility line. A multi-critical point and a critical point in the (H,T) region of the Bragg glass phase have been marked in this phase diagram and the observed behavior is discussed in the light of recent data on multi-critical point in the vortex phase diagram in a single crystal of Nb.     

一种基于功率谱对数变换的联合变换相关器

联合功率谱的高频成份对相关峰识别具有重要作用,实验中记录的联合功率谱随着频率的增加其强度迅速降低。为增强联合功率谱的高频成分,改善其调制程度,可对功率谱进行对数变换,从而有效保留更多的高频成份,压低零级衍射光斑,提高联合变换相关器的识别能力。     

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基于Hasegawa-Wakatani湍流模型,数值模拟了托卡马克边缘等离子体中漂移波湍流和相关的反常粒子输运.从等离子体动量守恒方程出发导出了不采用常规的布辛涅斯克近似的带状流方程,论证了大振幅密度扰动和湍性粒子流对激发带状流的贡献可等效地对应于低阶负粘滞阻尼效果.数值模拟表明,大振幅密度扰动的非线性大大增强了带状流饱和振幅,从而有效抑制了湍性粒子输运.研究结果阐明了托卡马克边缘等离子体大振幅密度扰动的非线性对驱动等离子体旋转、动量输运和带状流的重要性.     

Singular variation property of elastic constants of piezoelectric ceramics shunted to negative capacitance

Piezoelectric shunt damping has been widely used in vibration suppression, sound absorption, noise elimination, etc.In such applications, the variant elastic constants of piezoelectric materials are the essential parameters that determine the performances of the systems, when piezoelectric materials are shunted to normal electrical elements, i.e., resistance,inductance and capacitance, as well as their combinations. In recent years, many researches have demonstrated that the wideband sound absorption or vibration suppression can be realized with piezoelectric materials shunted to negative capacitance. However, most systems using the negative-capacitance shunt circuits show their instabilities in the optimal condition, which are essentially caused by the singular variation properties of elastic constants of piezoelectric materials when shunted to negative capacitance. This paper aims at investigating the effects of negative-capacitance shunt circuits on elastic constants of a piezoelectric ceramic plate through theoretical analyses and experiments, which gives an rational explanation for why negative capacitance shunt circuit is prone to make structure instable. First, the relationships between the elastic constants c_(11), c_(33), c_(55) of the piezoelectric ceramic and the shunt negative capacitance are derived with the piezoelectric constitutive law theoretically. Then, an experimental setup is established to verify the theoretical results through observing the change of elastic constant c_(55) of the shunted piezoelectric plate with the variation of negative capacitance.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses, which reveals that the instability of the shunt damping system is essentially caused by the singular variation property of the elastic constants of piezoelectric material shunted to negative capacitance.     

Twisted electrostatic waves in a self‐gravitating dusty plasma

A generalized response (dielectric) function for twisted electrostatic waves is derived for an un‐magnetized self‐gravitating thermal dusty plasma, whose constituents are the Boltzmann‐distributed electrons and positive ions in the presence of negatively charged micrometre‐sized massive dust particulates. For this purpose, a set of Vlasov–Poisson coupled equations is solved along with the perturbed Laguerre–Gauss distribution function, as well as the electrostatic and gravitational potentials in the limit of paraxial approximation. For plane wave solution, the wavefronts of the dust‐acoustic (DA ) wave are assumed to have a constant phase with electric and gravitational field lines propagating straight along the propagation axis. On the other hand, non‐planar wave solutions show helical (twisted) wavefronts, in which field lines spiral around the propagation axis owing to the azimuthal velocity component to account for the finite orbital angular momentum (OAM ) states. The dispersion relation and damping rate for twisted DA waves are studied both analytically and numerically. It is shown that finite OAM states, the dust to electron temperature ratio, and dust self‐gravitation effects significantly affect the linear dispersion and Landau damping frequencies. In particular, the phase speed of twisted DA waves is reduced with the variation of the twist parameter η (= k /lq_ϕ ), dust concentration δ (= n_{d 0}/n_{i 0}), and dust self‐gravitation α (= ω_Jd /ω_pd ). The relevance of our findings to interstellar dust clouds is also discussed for micrometre‐sized massive dust grains.     

Determination of the thermal noise limit in test of weak equivalence principle with a rotating torsion pendulum

Thermal noise is one of the most fundamental limits to the sensitivity in weak equivalence principle test with a rotating torsion pendulum. Velocity damping and internal damping are two of many contributions at the thermal noise, and which one mainly limits the torsion pendulum in low frequency is difficult to be verified by experiment. Based on the conventional method of fast Fourier transform, we propose a developed method to determine the thermal noise limit and then obtain the precise power spectrum density of the pendulum motion signal. The experiment result verifies that the thermal noise is mainly contributed by the internal damping in the fiber in the low frequency torsion pendulum experiment with a high vacuum. Quantitative data analysis shows that the basic noise level in the experiment is about one to two times of the theoretical value of internal damping thermal noise.     

中药重楼及其伪品开口箭的FTIR分析与鉴别

本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱方法(FTIR)对中药材重楼及其伪品开口箭的红外光谱进行了测试及对比分析。研究表明,重楼和开口箭各自有其独特的红外光谱特征,二者各自所包含的红外吸收峰的峰位明显不同,二者的红外光谱的峰形整体上有非常明显的区别,特别是在1650cm-1处及1405～1258cm-1范围这两个地方二者的峰形有非常明显的区别。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱方法可对重楼及其伪品开口箭加以鉴别和区分。     

Entanglement fidelity of channel adaptive quantum codes

We study the performances of quantum channel adaptive [4,1] code transmitting in a joint amplitude damping and dephasing channel, the [6,2] code transmitting in an amplitude damping channel by combining the encoding, noise process, and decoding as one effective channel. We explicitly obtain the entanglement fidelities. The recovery operators of the [6,2] code are given. The performance is nearly optimal compared with that of the optimal method of semidefinite programming.     

多思路巧妙测量阻尼常数及计时仪器的开发

本文从物理实验测量和计时仪器开发两个方面同时入手,从运动学角度出发,分别选用U形和条形遮光片,且灵活利用通用计数器的各个功能,综合提炼出7种实验方案测量阻尼常数,其测量值在1.31～1.53之间,实验结果重复性和一致性较好.同时开发新的计时仪器,直接应用于本实验,使测量过程变得简单易行.