两种芳香植物非挥发性组分抗氧化和对DNA损伤的保护作用

采用6种化学发光体系和两种比色体系研究了芳香植物罗勒和香柠檬的非挥发性组分(简称罗勒、香柠檬)直接清除活性氧、活性氮和对^.OH引起的DNA损伤的保护作用。结果表明,罗勒和香柠檬不仅能直接清除O2,而且可抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性从而减少O2的产生。罗勒和香柠檬也能有效清除^.OH、H2O2、ONOO^.和DPPH^.,两者相比,香柠檬除对^.OH的清除作用弱于罗勒外,清除以上各种自由基的能力均强于罗勒。结果还显示,罗勒和香柠檬都能抑制脂质过氧化,明显地抑制和延缓DNA损伤,起到预防型抗氧化剂和断链型抗氧化剂的双重作用。这些结果表明,罗勒和香柠檬的非挥发性组分是有效的、多功能的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂。     

电子辐照ITO/F46/Ag热控涂层的电学性能退化及损伤机理

对ITO/F46/Ag热控涂层进行了电子辐照地面模拟试验,探讨了其表面电阻率随电子辐照注量的退化规律,并借助扫描电镜(SEM)对其表面形貌变化进行了研究。通过SEM分析发现,涂层表面发生了严重的损伤效应,有裂纹、碎片和熔蚀现象出现。对涂层的损伤机理进行了分析,并给出了电子辐照ITO/F46/Ag热控涂层的表面碎裂损伤模型。     

Radiation damage from EELS and NEXAFS in diesel soot and diesel soot extracts

Carbon NEXAFS and EELS spectra of soot, and NEXAFS spectra of soot extracts, are presented. The EELS spectra of solid soot particles from a TEM-EELS show fewer structures than the corresponding NEXAFS spectra obtained at two different synchrotron beamlines. We attribute radiation damage in the TEM-EELS to the failure at resolving structures of surface functional carbon groups in or on soot. NEXAFS spectra of soot extracts studied with a scanning transmission X-ray microscope show alterations during X-ray exposure, which can be explained by a simple chemical model where oxygen apparently reacts with the sample. When the same extract is studied in an ultrahigh-vacuum beamline, no such alterations are observed.     

Optimal and approximate boundary controls of an elastic body with quasistatic evolution of damage

In this paper, we study an optimal control problem for the mixed boundary value problem for an elastic body with quasistatic evolution of an internal damage variable. We suppose that the evolution of microscopic cracks and cavities responsible for the damage is described by a nonlinear parabolic equation. A density of surface traction p acting on a part of boundary of an elastic body Ω is taken as a boundary control. Because the initial boundary value problem of this type can exhibit the Lavrentieff phenomenon and non‐uniqueness of weak solutions, we deal with the solvability of this problem in the class of weak variational solutions. Using the convergence concept in variable spaces and following the direct method in calculus of variations, we prove the existence of optimal and approximate solutions to the optimal control problem under rather general assumptions on the quasistatic evolution of damage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Subwavelength structures for high power laser antireflection application on fused silica by one-step reactive ion etching

In this paper we report a simple method to fabricate a novel subwavelength structure surface on fused silica substrate using one-step reactive ion etching with two-dimensional polystyrene colloidal crystals as masks. The etching process and the morphologies of the obtained structure are controlled. We show that the period of the obtained fused silica pillar-like arrays were determined by the initial polystyrene nanoparticle size. The height of pillar arrays can be adjusted by controlling the etching duration, which is proved to be of importance in tailoring the antireflection properties of subwavelength structures surface. The novel subwavelength structures surface exhibit excellent broadband antireflection properties, but the size of the pillar affects the antireflective properties in short wavelength region. We anticipate this method would offer a convenient and scalable way for inexpensive and high-efficiency high power laser field designs.     

熔石英亚表面横向划痕调制作用的3维模拟

建立了熔石英后表面3维横向划痕模型,并采用3维时域有限差分方法对熔石英亚表面划痕周围的电场强度进行了数值模拟,分析了划痕宽度、深度、长度以及划痕倾斜角度对入射光场的调制作用,结果表明：随划痕深度和划痕长度的增加,熔石英内的最大电场强度增大,且当划痕长度达到1 μm以上时,最大电场强度趋于稳定;划痕结构因子在1～2之间的划痕较容易引起熔石英损伤;而入射激光在划痕界面和后表面之间发生内全反射时,后表面上的光强增强效果更加明显,因此减少角度范围在20.9°～45°之内的划痕能大幅提高熔石英的损伤阈值。     

酸蚀与紫外激光预处理结合提高熔石英损伤阈值

采用HF酸刻蚀和紫外激光预处理相结合的方式提升熔石英元件的负载能力,用质量分数为1%的HF缓冲溶液对熔石英刻蚀1~100 min,综合透过率、粗糙度和损伤阈值测试结果,发现刻蚀时间为10 min的熔石英抗损伤能力最佳。采用355 nm紫外激光对HF酸刻蚀10 min的熔石英进行预处理,结果表明：紫外预处理能量密度在熔石英零损伤阈值的60%以下时,激光损伤阈值单调递增;能量到达80%时,阈值反而低于原始样片的损伤阈值。适当地控制酸蚀时间和紫外激光预处理参数能有效提高熔石英的抗损伤能力。     

Swelling and structure of radiation induced near-surface damage in CR-39 and its chemical etching

Systematic measurements of swelling of CR-39 nuclear track detector (NTD) due to irradiation with fission fragments and alpha particles over a wide range of fluences from ²⁵²Cf are presented here. Precisely designed and optimized exposure and chemical etching experiments were employed to unfold the structure of radiation induced surface damage. Delays in the startup of the chemical etching of latent tracks in low radiation fluence detectors are measured and are found to contain important information about structure of the surface damage. Simple atomic scale pictures of radiation induced surface damage and its chemical etching are developed using measurements of radiation induced swelling of CR-39 detectors and nuclear track parameters. The computer code SRIM2010 was utilized for the calculations of basic features of latent tracks of fission fragments and alpha particles in CR-39. Another computer code TRACK_VISION was used to compute parameters of etched tracks. Computations and experimental findings in the paper coherently compose a realistic picture of radiation damage.     

激光钝化对熔石英修复后损伤性能影响的实验研究

采用10.6 μupm 的 CO₂激光, 对单次激光脉冲辐照修复熔石英存在的烧蚀采用大光斑钝化去除. 经过辐照修复的区域置于前表面测试初始损伤阈值, 结果表明调制造成的损伤得到了一定程度的抑制; 辐照区域置于后表面修复后 熔石英的初始损伤阈值超过了基底的初始损伤阈值. 实验观察到了应力分布外扩, 同时明显减弱. 对损伤增长的测试说明, 经过激光熔融辐照后的损伤点, 当应力释放以后, 损伤扩展初期表现出指数增长趋势, 后期随着辐照次数的增加, 损伤增长不再明显, 并且趋于恒定值.     

1064 nm激光对中性密度滤光片的损伤机理研究

中性密度滤光片的典型结构是在K9玻璃上镀金属膜,来实现对激光的有效吸收.由于损伤阈值较低,严重限制了其在高能激光系统中的应用.实验研究了较高激光能量密度下滤光片的损伤形貌和损伤机理.损伤形貌的变化特征是:随着激光能量密度的增加,滤光片先出现损伤点,后以损伤点为中心产生裂纹,且裂纹长度逐渐变长,最终连接成线状和块状,导致大面积的薄膜脱落.建立了缺陷吸收激光能量升温致中性密度滤光片表面薄膜损伤的模型,计算了薄膜表面的温度和应力分布,讨论了薄膜表面不均匀温升造成的径向、环向和轴向热应力分布.理论分析显示:环向应力是造成薄膜沿径向产生裂纹的主要原因.当激光能量密度大于约2.2 J/cm²,杂质粒子半径大于140 nm且相邻杂质粒子之间的距离小于10 μ m时,裂纹才能大量连接起来引起薄膜的大面积脱落.