Molecular dynamics of MgSiO3 perovskite melting

The melting curve of MgSiO分子动力学 MgSiO3钙钛矿 熔化温度 高压melting temperature, molecular dynamics, high pressureProject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10274055 and 10376021),the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, China (Grant No 3ZS051-A25-027) and the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Gansu Province, China (Grant No 0410-01).2005-01-125/8/2005 12:00:00 AMThe melting curve of MgSiO3 perovskite is simulated using molecular dynamics simulations method at high pressure. It is shown that the simulated equation of state of MgSiO3 perovskite is very successful in reproducing accurately the experimental data. The pressure dependence of the simulated melting temperature of MgSiO3 perovskite reproduces the stability of the orthorhombic perovskite phase up to high pressure of 130GPa at ambient temperature, consistent with the theoretical data of the other calculations. It is shown that its transformation to the cubic phase and melting at high pressure and high temperature are in agreement with recent experiments.     

Schnell-Methode zur Umsetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen zu Wasserstoff für die Isotopenanalyse

Es wird eine weiterentwickeltes, isotopenanalytisches Verfahren zur probenchemischen Umsetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Chromium zu Wasserstoff bei 1300 K vorgestellt. Die erzielten Testergebnisse zeigen anhand der gemessenen δD-Werte, daβ Quarzöfen bei diesen Temperaturen noch keine die Isotopenmeβwerte beeinflussende Diffusion von Wasserstoff durch die Wandung zulassen. Auβerdem erfolgte die Reaktion nahezu spontan und vollständig, was die Methode zeitlich sehr effektiv macht.

A modified isotope analytical method is presented for the chemical reaction of hydrocarbons with chromium at 1300 K to form hydrogen. The test results obtained (i.e. the measured δD-values) show that at this temperature quartz heating tubes do not allow hydrogen to diffuse through the wail, which fact would influence the isotopic composition. Furthermore the reaction proceeds nearly spontaneously and quantitatively, which yields an effective method, especially with respect to time.     

Subsurface layers with degenerate hole gas arising in germanium immersed into liquid helium under 60Co-gamma irradiation

Abstract

The subsurface layers with quasi-metal hole conductivity have been observed in n- and p-Ge immersed into liquid He under the ⁶⁰Co-gamma-irradiation. three conditions are to be fulfilled simultaneously for the production of the layers: low temperature, direct contact between helium and germanium and gammairradiation.     

Radiation background due to radioactive sources in a luminescence dating laboratory

For practical reasons, usually, luminescence dating laboratories contain in the same room (or in adjacent rooms) the equipment and the radioactive sources, as well as the storage cabinet for the samples. It is generally assumed that the absorbed dose due to ambient radioactivity is null or at least negligible in terms of human health (below the dose limit).To test the actual dose rate inside our laboratory room, an investigation combining portable dose rate meter, portable NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometry, and blue-OSL dosimetry using Al₂O₃:C pellets was made. Although our measurements show the presence of X-rays as far as 3 m from the sources, the dose rates are below the safety regulation and does not affect the dating of the sample stored in the same room as the radioactive sources.     

Acoustic timescale characterisation of symmetric and asymmetric multidimensional hot spots

In this work, two-dimensional hot spots are modelled by combining a linear temperature gradient with a constant temperature plateau. This approach retains the simplicity of a linear temperature gradient, but captures the effects of a local temperature maximum of finite size. Symmetric and asymmetric plateau regions are modelled using both rectangular and elliptical geometries. A one-step Arrhenius reaction for H₂–air is used to model the reactive mixture. Plateaus with different ratios of excitation to acoustic timescales, spanning two orders of magnitude, are simulated. Even with clear differences in behaviour between one and two dimensions, the a priori prescribed hot spot timescale ratio is shown to characterise the 2-D gasdynamic response. The relationship between one and two dimensions is explored using asymmetric plateau regions. It is shown that 1-D behaviour is recovered over a finite time. Furthermore, the duration of this 1-D behaviour is directly related to the asymmetry of the plateau.     

Polycrystalline silicon films prepared by metal-induced crystallisation using pre- and post-deposited aluminium on amorphous silicon

We report on the successful fabrication of polycrystalline silicon films by aluminium-induced crystallisation (AIC) of Radio frequency (rf) plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposited (PECVD) a-Si films. The effects of annealing at different temperatures (300 and 400°C), below the eutectic temperature of the Si–Al binary system, on the crystallisation process have been studied. This work emphasises the important role of the position of the Al layer with respect to the Si layer on the crystallisation process. The properties of the crystallised films were characterised using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, ellipsometry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). With an increase in the annealing temperature, it was found that the degree of crystallisation of annealed a-Si/Al and Al/a-Si films increased. The results showed that the arrangement where the Al was on top of the a-Si had a more prominent effect on crystallisation enhancement than when Al was below the a-Si. The interfacial layer between the Al and a-Si film is crucial because it influences the layer-exchange process during annealing. The oxide layer formed between the Al and the a-Si layers greatly retards the crystallisation process in the case of the Al/Si arrangement. Our investigations suggest that polycrystalline Si films formed by AIC can be used as a seed layer in solar cell fabrication.     

Densification and lithium ion conductivity of garnet-type Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 （x=0.25） solid electrolytes

The garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramic is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state secondary lithium batteries. However, it faces the problem of lithium volatilization during sintering, which may cause low density and deterioration of ionic conductivity. In this work, the effects of sintering temperature and addition on the density as well as the lithium ion conductivity of Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 (LLZTO, x=0.25) ceramics prepared by solid state reaction have been studied. It is found that optimization of the sintering temperature leads to a minor increase in the ceramic density, yielding an optimum ionic conductivity of 2.9×10-4 S·cm-1 at 25℃. Introduction of Li 3 PO 4 addition in an appropriate concentration can obviously increase the density, leading to an optimum ionic conductivity of 7.2×10-4 S·cm-1 at 25℃. This value is superior to the conductivity data in most recent reports on the LLZTO ceramics.     

Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency

The effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency are investigated using grid-scale data from nine equilibrium sensitivity cloud-resolving model experiments driven without large-scale vertical velocity. The precipitation efficiencies are respectively defined in surface rainfall, cloud, and rain microphysical budgets. We mathematically and physically demonstrate the relationship between these precipitation efficiencies. The 2℃ increases in spatiotemporal invariant sea surface temperature (SST) from 27℃ to 29℃ and from 29℃ to 31℃, and the inclusion of diurnal SST difference 1℃ and the 1℃ increase in diurnal SST difference generate opposite changes in the precipitation efficiency by changing ice cloud-radiation interactions. The radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds have opposite effects on the precipitation efficiency because of the rainfall increase associated with the reduction in the saturation mixing ratio caused by the exclusion of radiative effects and the decrease in rainfall related to the reduction in net condensation caused by the exclusion of deposition processes. The radiative effects of water clouds on the precipitation efficiency are statistically insensitive to the radiative effects of ice clouds.     

中等pd值介质阻挡放电中等离子体温度研究

近大气压条件下,在介质阻挡放电系统中得到了氩气和空气混合气体在300～800 nm范围内的发射光谱,研究了中等pd值(约6.4×103 Pa·cm) 氩气和空气混合气体中电子激发温度与分子振动温度。实验选用两条ArⅠ谱线763.51 nm(2P₆→1S₅)与772.42 nm(2P₂→1S₃),用强度对比法测量电子激发温度,利用氮分子第二正带系(C 3Π_u→B 3Π_g)计算氮分子振动温度。实验结果表明：电子激发温度和分子振动温度均随电压的增加而增加,并且电子激发温度随电压的变化速率大于分子振动温度的变化速率。     

东亚北部地区气温的冬季-冬季再现特征研究

对东亚北部(40—50°N,100—130°E)区域1953—2012年大气温度的冬季-夏季-次年冬季(简称冬季-冬季)的季节变化特征进行了初步研究.结果表明:2008年以来,该区域的气温从低层至高层(1000—400 h Pa)连续三年出现冬季偏冷-夏季偏暖-次年冬季偏冷的典型特征,20世纪50—60年代亦有类似情况;而20世纪90年代则出现了与此相反的冬季偏暖-夏季偏冷-次年冬季偏暖的变化特征.将这种典型的气温季节变化特征定义为一种新的变化机理:冬季-冬季再现(WWR).根据1953—2012年的历年变化情况将这60年划分为四种不同的类型:负(正)冬季-冬季再现(negative/positive WWR)型和负(正)冬季-冬季非再现(negative/positive non-WWR)型.其中,气温表现为WWR型的年份共计23年,出现概率近40%,并且该WWR特征是相对独立于El Nio-南方涛动指数的变化而存在的.对不同类型年份的位势高度场、垂直速度场及其850 h Pa风场进行的合成分析表明:对于WWR型,高层(500 h Pa)至低层(1000 h Pa)的大气内部动力过程具有与气温相匹配的冬季-冬季的再现特征;而non-WWR型则没有出现类似的特征,从而在一定程度验证了WWR存在的可能性.WWR的提出为进一步开展当前全球增暖背景下冬季低温事件的频发提供了一个新的思路.