In vitro study of antibiotic effect on bacterial adherence to acrylic intraocular lenses

Implantation of artificial intraocular lenses into the eye during ophthalmic surgical procedures ensures an unliving surface on which bacterial pathogens may attach and form biofilms. Despite antibiotic treatment bacteria growing in biofilms might cause inflammation and serious complications. In this study the adhesive ability of 7 Staphylococcus aureus and 11 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) strains to the surface of acrylic intraocular lenses had been examined by the ultrasonic method. In untreated cases adhesion of the S. aureus and CNS strains did not differ significantly. We could not demonstrate significant differences between the adhesive ability of the standard strains and the clinical isolates. In this study a single – 60 min long – antibiotic (ciprofloxacin and tobramycin) treatment had been applied, that correlate well with the single or intermittant antibiotic prophylaxis of patients. Ciprofloxacin administration was able to reduce significantly the number of attached cells on the surface of acrylic lenses both in the case of S. aureus and CNS strains. Dependence of the effect from concentration could also be demonstrated. Tobramycin treatment was able to inhibit significantly the attachment of S. aureus cells. Despite the debate on antibiotic prophylaxis we presented in our experiments that a single antibiotic administration can decrease the attachment of bacterial cells to the surface of acrylic intraocular lenses, and might be effective in the prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis, that is a rare but serious complication of ophthalmic surgery.     

Cadmium Composite Materials for Lithium Batteries: Synthesis and Investigation of Electrochemical Behavior

This work is devoted to cyclic investigation in a nonaqueous electrolyte of various lithium-accumulating composites (cadmium-carbon, cadmium-tin, cadmium-copper) as well as thin films of cadmium obtained by methods of electroless and electrochemical deposition. It is shown that, when cycling thin-film electrodes, in many cases there occurs a decrease in specific capacity at a sufficiently large value of the coefficient of the cycling efficiency. An explanation is given from the position of a change in a microstructure following the formation of a cadmium-lithium alloy. The best characteristics are shown by a cadmium-carbon composite.__________Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 6, 2005, pp. 702–706.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kulikova, Volgin, L’vov.Published on the basis of a contribution delivered at the VII Meeting on Fundamental Problems in Solid-State Ionics (Chernogolovka-2004).     

大学物理实验教学改革探索——谈“少台套大循环”教学模式与管理

教学改革的最终目标都是为了有益于学生的全面发展以及实践能力的提高。以大学物理实验改革为例,介绍了＂少台套大循环＂的实验改革与教学管理方法。经过两年多＂少台套大循环＂的运行,这种改革不仅提高了学生的实验操作能力,而且在教学资源有效配置方面探索出一种可行的运行模式。     

Correlation between liquid structure and glass forming ability in glassy Ag-based binary alloys

The atomic structures of liquid Ag-based binary alloys have been investigated in the solidification process by means of X-ray diffraction. The results of liquid structure show that there is a break point in the mean nearest neighbor distance r1 and the coordination number Nmin for glass-forming liquid, while the correlation radius rc and the coordination number Nmin display a monotone variational trend above the break point. It means glass-forming liquids have a steady changing in structure above liquidus a...     

在化学教学中培养学生变量控制能力的实施和分析

设计受控实验是科学实验实证的重要手段,这种科学探究的核心能力,也是教育部在《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》中对学生能力的评价之一.在分析学生能力现状、教材内容后,经过教学实施,充分利用教材,帮助学生认识变量控制要素,达成能系统地综合应用变量控制解决实际问题的教学目标.     

考虑最佳入口温度的多股流换热器网络循环优化

针对于多股流换热器网络的应用优势,本文在衍生网络优化方法基础上,提出了考虑最佳入口温度的多股流换热器循环优化方法,即利用多股流换热器网络小面积换热器合并而不产生固定投资费用这一特点,将优化结果中存在公用工程的流体返回到另一种流体的入口并与其入口流体进行循环优化。结果表明,这种优化方法能够进一步发挥多股流换热器网络的优点,得到年综合费用更小、运行费用更低的网络结构。     

Synthesis methods of multiple phase-cycled SSFP images to reduce the band artifact and noise more reliably

The band artifact in steady-state free precession can be reduced by synthesizing the multiple images obtained through different phase increments of successive radiofrequency pulses. Even though the complex summation method was reported to be effective in reducing the band artifact, it has the pitfalls of intensity abnormality and sensitivity to the phase abnormality. Two new methods have been developed for more reliable reduction of the band artifact than the complex summation method. One method is to sum the complex images partially and to take the maximum intensity of the partially summed images. The other method is to sum the free induction decay (FID) and primary echo components of the Fourier series that are obtained through Fourier analysis of the complex base images. Both proposed methods were compared with other magnitude (maximum intensity projection, spectrally decomposed synthesis, sum-of-squares, nonlinear averaging) and complex-based (complex summation, magnitude-weighted complex summation) methods experimentally at 3 T for the phantom and volunteer's head imaging. Both proposed methods were confirmed to maintain the advantage of the complex summation in reducing both the dark and bright band artifacts while reducing the intensity abnormality and sensitivity to the phase abnormality from that of the complex summation method over a wide range of flip angles and relaxation times.     

Double-ceramic-layer thermal barrier coatings based on La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7/La2Ce2O7 deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition

Double-ceramic-layer (DCL) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of La₂(Zr_0.7Ce_0.3)₂O₇ (LZ7C3) and La₂Ce₂O₇ (LC) were deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The composition, interdiffusion, surface and cross-sectional morphologies, cyclic oxidation behavior of DCL coating were studied. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that both LZ7C3 and LC coatings are effectively fabricated by a single LZ7C3 ingot with properly controlling the deposition energy. The chemical compatibility of LC coating and thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer is unstable. LaAlO₃ is formed due to the chemical reaction between LC and Al₂O₃ which is the main composition of TGO layer. Additionally, the thermal cycling behavior of DCL coating is influenced by the interdiffusion of Zr and Ce between LZ7C3 and LC coatings. The failure of DCL coating is a result of the sintering of LZ7C3 coating surface, the chemical incompatibility of LC coating and TGO layer and the abnormal oxidation of bond coat. Since no single material that has been studied so far satisfies all the requirements for high temperature applications, DCL coating is an important development direction of TBCs.     

Packing odd T‐joins with at most two terminals

Take a graph G, an edge subset , and a set of terminals where is even. The triple is called a signed graft. A T‐join is odd if it contains an odd number of edges from Σ. Let ν be the maximum number of edge‐disjoint odd T‐joins. A signature is a set of the form where and is even. Let τ be the minimum cardinality a T‐cut or a signature can achieve. Then and we say that packs if equality holds here. We prove that packs if the signed graft is Eulerian and it excludes two special nonpacking minors. Our result confirms the Cycling Conjecture for the class of clutters of odd T‐joins with at most two terminals. Corollaries of this result include, the characterizations of weakly and evenly bipartite graphs, packing two‐commodity paths, packing T‐joins with at most four terminals, and a new result on covering edges with cuts.     

以RDX为基的含铝炸药中铝粉粒度和氧化剂形态对加速金属能力的影响

利用激光速度干涉仪研究了含微米铝粉和纳米铝粉复合炸药加速金属平板的能力,结果表明纳米铝粉的引入能够获得更大的金属平板自由面速度,其反应时间比微米复合含铝炸药缩短35.1%。研究了氧化剂的形态对含铝炸药性能的影响,用物理化学手段获得的RDX/AP复合粒子复合粒子制作的含铝炸药加速金属平板的能力优于机械混合RDX/AP的含铝炸药,前者的反应时间也比后者短。此外,还研究了以富氧炸药取代RDX获得的含铝炸药的性能,结果表明其加速金属平板的速度比RDX/Al复合炸药提高10%。