新旧课标中高中化学必修课程的难度对比

2020年教育部颁布了《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》,无论从其形式还是内容相比2003 年颁布的《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》都有较大变化。新版课程标准从课程性质、课程目标、课程结构、课程内容等方面进行了全面阐述,从而也带来了课程难度的变化。借助已有的研究方法,以课程广度、课程深度、课程时间为变量,对课程的难度进行定量研究。文中所得出的结论有助于高中教师和研究人员对课程难度进行比较充分、全面的了解,教师从而能够科学、有效地制定教学目标、实施课程内容和开展教学评价。     

《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》解读——核心素养、课程目标和学业质量标准的研制

结合化学课程的历史和现实需求,从多角度阐述了化学课程的全面育人价值,分析了《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》中核心素养凝练的思路;提出了核心素养各要素的内涵和外延,梳理了初、高中学段2个核心素养体系之间的关系;探讨了基于核心素养的化学课程目标及化学学业质量标准体系建构的特点及应用。     

课程思政下化学教学论逆向教学设计*——以“说课”为例

阐述了化学教学论课程思政开展思路和逆向教学设计的基本阶段、价值意蕴。逆向教学设计以预期目标为起点,是助力课程思政进展的有效举措。以“说课”为例,探索了课程思政理念下逆向教学设计“设定预期成果—确定评估证据—计划教学指导方案”三阶段规划,并进行了教学过程设计和教学反思。逆向教学设计中教学内容甄选、教学活动设置、教学评价等都指向教学目标,有利于课程育人功能的发挥。     

The development of instructional guidelines for elementary mathematical writing

Mathematical writing recently has been defined as writing to reason and communicate mathematically. But mathematics instructional resources lack guidance for teachers as to how to implement such writing. The purpose of this paper is to describe how methods of design-based research were used to develop an instructional resource when one does not currently exist. Thirty-four participants—including teachers, mathematics coaches, mathematics curriculum developers, literacy coaches, a mathematician, and academics in elementary mathematics education, mathematics education, writing education, and science education—participated in a multi-step process to recommend, revise, and confirm instructional guidelines for elementary mathematical writing. The development process began with thirty-two recommendations from science writing and language arts writing. Through multiple cycles of feedback, five instructional guidelines and related considerations and techniques for implementation of elementary mathematical writing emerged.     

A comparative analysis of linear functions in Korean and American standards-based secondary textbooks

This paper compares sections on functions and linear functions from two Korean textbooks and an American standards-based textbook (University of Chicago School Mathematics Project [UCSMP] Algebra) to understand differences and similarities among these textbooks through horizontal and vertical analyses. We found that these textbooks provide different opportunities to learn (OTL). UCSMP Algebra places strong emphasis on real-life applications of linear functions rather than on pure mathematics and mathematical algorithms. Also, compared to Korean textbooks, UCSMP Algebra offers more OTL for students to solve, explain, and reason about higher level cognitively demanding mathematics problems than Korean secondary textbooks. Contradictory results, compared to previous studies about East Asian mathematics textbooks indicate the need for further study to compare secondary textbooks from more East Asian countries. Also, with the results of this study, we need to understand the results of international assessments more carefully.     

Incentivizing advanced mathematics study at upper secondary level: the case of bonus points in Ireland

Secondary level mathematics education in Ireland has recently experienced a period of significant change with the introduction of new curricula and the addition of an incentive to study upper secondary mathematics at the most advanced level (Higher Level). This incentive, typically referred to as ‘bonus points’, appears to have aided a significant increase in the number of students studying upper secondary mathematics at Higher Level. However, thematic analysis of interviews with experienced upper secondary mathematics examiners and exploration of mathematics diagnostic test data outlined in this paper suggest that the difficulty of the Higher Level upper secondary mathematics final examination in Ireland has reduced since the introduction of the bonus points initiative. The sharp increase in students attempting this examination coupled with a policy of maintaining a consistent proportion of students achieving passing grades was identified as a key reason for this possible reduction in standards.     

Substituting open educational resources for commercial curriculum materials: effects on student mathematics achievement in elementary schools

Open Educational Resources (OER) have the potential to replace commercial learning materials in education. An empirical examination of this potential was conducted, comparing the end-of-year mathematics test results of 12,110 elementary school students clustered within 95 schools from five school districts in the state of Washington in the United States of America. Of this group, 6796 students used open learning materials, and 5314 used commercial educational resources. When three years of test scores were considered, there were no statistically significant differences in the exam scores of students who used open versus commercial curriculum materials. The lack of statistical significance may have practical significance, demonstrating that OER can replace conventional materials without impacting student performance, while potentially reducing costs and allowing for local modification.     

工程教育认证理念下精细化学与合成化学课程改革实施与探索*

在工程教育认证理念的指导下,精细化学与合成化学课程改革以OBE理念为导向,从多方位构筑了具有显著工程特点以及具有自我革新能力的课程体系教学构架及评价反馈构架,引入了“3模块6过程7能力”的改革机制,并用于教学过程中。实施效果表明新的课程改革措施显著促进了学生各项工程能力的培养,并且随着实施年份的增加,学生的目标达成度有了稳定提升,促进了工程认证理念下轻化工程专业人才的培养。