In vitro screening of the action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on hypochlorous acid-induced hyaluronan degradation

The antioxidative effect of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was studied in vitro by measuring the kinetics of degradation of high-molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) in a system comprising hypochlorous acid + CuCl₂ + ascorbic acid using a Brookfield rotational viscometer equipped with a Teflon cup and spindle of coaxial cylindrical geometry. The changes in HA chemical structure were investigated by chemiluminometry. When sodium naproxen was added to the system during a running degradative process its inhibitory effect was clearly shown. The inhibition was dependent on the drug concentration. However, when this drug was added to the system before the initiation of HA degradation, no inhibition was seen even at the highest drug concentration tested. The inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid was achieved with a relatively low concentration of the drug and was independent of the experimental model used.     

TiO2 粉末催化剂光催化降解室内 空气中有机污染物

本文制备了一系列 TiO2粉末催化剂, 用光催化法降解室内空气中各种微量有机污染物,最终降解率 接近 100%. 考察了晶型对光催化剂性能的影响, 结果表明,锐钛矿型 TiO2 的催化性能最好. 最后,分析了 TiO2 光催化反应机理.     

Thermal behaviour of polyacrylamidoxime-copper chelates

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of several factors (anion type in the copper salt, pH and concentration of the salt solution) on the structure and thermo-oxidative degradation of the polyacrylamidoxime-copper chelates, by using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and dynamic thermogravimetry. The chelates containing copper ions as sulphate exhibit a better initial thermal stability than the polyacrylamidoxime fibre presumably due to the crosslinking generated by the intermolecular complexation of the ions; the removal of the sulphate anions takes place concomitantly with the second step of polymeric chain decomposition. The initial thermal decomposition of the chelates formed by copper ions as nitrate begins at lower temperatures as compared to the polyacrylamidoxime fibre, probably by the nitrate anion release, which partly overlaps the initial decomposition of the copper ion-crosslinked polymeric chains. Copper ions as either sulphate or nitrate catalyse the reactions involved in the main step of polyacrylamidoxime fibre decomposition; the higher the copper amount, the stronger the catalytic effect.     

Mechanical endurance of polymer electrolyte membrane and PEM fuel cell durability

The life of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is currently limited by the mechanical endurance of polymer electrolyte membranes and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). In this paper, the authors report recent experimental and modeling work toward understanding the mechanisms of delayed mechanical failures of polymer electrolyte membranes and MEAs under relevant PEMFC operating conditions. Mechanical breach of membranes/MEAs in the form of pinholes and tears has been frequently observed after long‐term or accelerated testing of PEMFC cells/stacks. Catastrophic failure of cell/stack due to rapid gas crossover shortly follows the mechanical breach. Ex situ mechanical characterizations were performed on MEAs after being subjected to the accelerated chemical aging and relative humidity (RH) cycling tests. The results showed significant reduction of MEA ductility manifested as drastically reduced strain‐to‐failure of the chemically aged and RH‐cycled MEAs. Postmortem analysis revealed the formation and growth of mechanical defects such as cracks and crazing in the membranes and MEAs. A finite element model was used to estimate stress/strain states of an edge‐constrained MEA under rapid RH variations. Damage metrics for accelerated testing and life prediction of PEMFCs are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2346–2357, 2006     

Degradation of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution by γ-radiation and ozone oxidation

The application of radiation technology in the en-vironmental protection was listed as one of the mostimportant research fields by the International AtomicEnergy Agency (IAEA) for the peaceful use of nuclearenergy. It has great research value and potential appli-cation. Because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobialproperties, Cholophenols (CPs) have been used aspreservative agents for wood, paints, vegetable fibersand leather and as disinfectants. In addition, they havebeen widely employed…     

Formation and thermal stability of selenites and hydrogen selenites of samarium

The solubility isotherm of the Sm₂O₃-SeO₂-H₂O system was studied at 100°C. The two compounds obtained in the three-component system were identified by the Schreinemakers method as well as by chemical, thermoanalytical and X-ray diffraction analyses after their isolation in pure state.     

Sonochemical Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Aqueous Solution

Ultrasonic waves in a liquid induce the formation of cavitation bubbles. Submitted to an oscillating pressure field, cavities filled with vapor and dissolved gas pulsate, grow and implode violently when they reach a critical resonant size. According to the 慼ot spot?theory, extremely high temperature and pressure are produced during the collapse of cavitation bubbles1. Under these extreme conditions, the molecules vaporized in the bubbles as well as in the surrounding condensed layer could …     

镀铜铁屑-H_2O_2催化氧化降解含酚废水

采用镀铜铁屑代替传统Fenton体系中的FeSO4作为催化剂,通过改变H2O2与镀铜铁屑的投加量、溶液的pH值、反应温度、反应时间等条件,研究了该体系对处理苯酚废水的影响。结果表明,常温下处理实际含酚印染废水,在pH值为4~6,30%H2O2 12mL/L,镀铜铁屑5g/L,反应时间为45min时,COD去除率可达96%,其CODCr从5827mg/L降至419mg/L,色度从2000降至30,符合国家三级排放标准。     

Thermal Stability Of Folic Acid in the solid-state

This study attempts to identify the degradative process which folic acid undergoes in the solid-state under thermal stress. In order to facilitate the process, the various pieces of the chemical structure, namely, p-amino benzoic acid, pterin and glutamic acid as both its d- and l-isomers were investigated as separate entities. These structured solid-state pieces were then compared to the composite solid state folic acid degradative curves in order to identify the peaks seen and provide direction for the interpolation of the degradative mechanism. It was observed that none of the structural pieces could be superimposed as assumed earlier and hence an attempt was made to identify the decomposition products using various analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction which suggested that the glutamic acid fragment is lost first as evidenced by acid loss and amide enhancement in the IR spectra. The vitamin was ultimately degrading to carbon fragments and that further identification was not necessary. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of the thermal behavior of three cellulose fibers mercerized or submitted to solar degradation

Comparison of Lyocell, modal and viscose fibers was performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal analysis was performed in air atmosphere. Samples were mercerized (21.3 g 100 mL-1) or submitted to solar radiation (seven months). Solar degraded samples presents a higher thermal stability and are initially less degraded. Furthermore, Lyocell fiber is the most stable under thermal degradation conditions. Heating produces a reduction of the fiber diameter (about 50%). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.