Oxygen-crosslinked polysilane: the new class of Si-related material for electroluminescent devices

The preparation and optical properties of the novel silicon-related material named oxygen-crosslinked polysilane were investigated. The oxygen-crosslinked polysilane was prepared by the thermal annealing of the precursor polysilane bearing alkoxyl groups. The photoluminescence consisting of a broad visible band at about 440 nm and a relatively sharp band at about 360 nm was observed at room temperature. The relative intensities of the visible emission were changed during the crosslinking. The visible emission was greatly affected by the steric hindrance of the alkoxyl groups of the precursor. The visible electroluminescene (EL) was also observed uniformly from the EL cell consisting of the oxygen-crosslinked polysilane film sandwiched between A1 electrode and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode. The current densities of the EL cell increased with an increase in the oxygen-crosslinking. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁流变加工对中频误差的影响

基于传统抛光的亚表面损伤层厚度,进行磁流变去除亚表面损伤层的实验以便验证在该加工方式下对元件中频误差的影响。计算机模拟结果及实验数据表明:磁流变加工的走刀间距会引起中频误差评价指标PSD曲线出现对应频率的峰值;抛光斑的不稳定性会引起PSD曲线出现不确定的次主峰;去除深度与PSD曲线峰值之间有近似的线性关系。采用磁流变作为亚表面损伤层的去除手段,元件的中频误差质量受加工参数影响很大。如果前级加工不佳导致留下的亚表面损伤层较深,用磁流变加工进行去除时会造成中频误差质量超过限定指标。1     

染整处理对棉纺织品农药残留量影响的研究

以3种含氯有机农药(碳氯灵、十氯酮、乙滴涕)为例,讨论了退浆、煮练、双氧水漂白、活性染料染色、阻燃后整理5种常见的染整技术对棉纺织品中农药残留量的影响。实验结果表明退浆、煮练、双氧水漂白、活性染料染色、阻燃后整理都能将纺织品中的碳氯灵和十氯酮残留完全除去,并能除去82.0%~95.0%的乙滴涕。除去效果由好到差依次为退浆工艺、煮练工艺、阻燃后整理工艺、染色工艺、氧漂工艺。     

Surface modification of cotton fabric with dual‐responsive PNIPAAm/chitosan nano hydrogel

The present study deals with preparing stimuli‐responsive poly N‐isopropyl acryl amide/chitosan (PNCS) nano hydrogel and looks into their effects as a surface modifying system of cotton fabric. The semi‐batch surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization method was proposed to reduce the size of particle and synthesis of PNCS nano particles. Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering methods confirmed the nano size of synthesized PNCS particles and sensitivity of these nano particles to the different temperature and pH, respectively. The water retention capacity (WRC) and carboxyl content of modified cotton with PNCS nano particles were assessed through the central composite design. The bounded PNCS nano particles to the surface of cotton fabrics made them responsive to these dual stimuli. The results demonstrated the dual effect of BTCA amount on WRC. Increase of the amount of BTCA itself led to the decrease of the WRC of modified cotton, but in the presence of PNCS, WRC was significantly increased. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antimicrobial finishing of cotton textile based on water glass by sol–gel method

A low temperature and cost-effective process for antimicrobial finishing of cotton textiles has been developed by sol–gel method. The antimicrobial treatment was performed by treating cotton textile with silica sols from water glass and then with silver nitrate solution. The antimicrobial activity was determined by using E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the treated textile has an excellent antimicrobial effect and laundering durability. SEM analysis showed coarse surface morphological change on the water glass treated cotton textile. The residual concentration of silver ion on fabrics was informed by ICP-MS. XPS results indicated that two different states of silver were present on the surface of the antimicrobial textile.     

Permanent flame retardant finishing of textile materials by a photochemical immobilization of vinyl phosphonic acid

A new photochemical method for a permanent flame retardant finishing of textiles made of cotton (CO), polyamide (PA) and polyester (PET) is described. Using a mercury vapour UV lamp vinyl phosphonic acid (VPA) can be fixed durable to different fabrics made of CO, PA and PET in the presence of a cross-linking agent and a photo-initiator. After a home laundering cycle up to 50 wt% of the reaction mixture is retained on the fabrics and the absolute phosphorus content was found to be more than 2.0% in all investigated cases. The photochemically modified textiles showed high levels of flame retardant performance and passed a vertical flammability test for protective clothing.     

Applications of micro-scale combustion calorimetry to the studies of cotton and nylon fabrics treated with organophosphorus flame retardants

Effective testing methods are critical for developing new flame retardant textiles by the industry. However, the current testing methods all have limitations. In this research, we applied micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) for evaluating the flammability of the cotton woven fabric treated with a traditional reactive organophosphorus flame retardant in combination with a synergistic nitrogen-containing additive and the nylon-6,6 woven fabric treated with a hydroxyl-functional organophosphorus oligomer and crosslinkers. We found that MCC is capable of differentiating small differences among the treated fabric samples with similar flammability. MCC is able to make quantitative measurement of the peak heat release rate, the most important parameter related to fire hazard of materials, of textile whereas such analysis is more difficult using cone calorimetry due to textile fabrics’ low thickness. By using the thermal combustion parameters measured by MCC, we were able to calculate the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of various treated cotton fabric samples with near-perfect agreement between the experimentally measured and the predicted LOI values of treated cotton fabrics. We also compared the capability of MCC and differential scanning calorimetry for analyzing flame retardant cotton textiles.     

Extension of the Application of Piers-Rubinsztajn Conditions to Produce Triarylamine Pendant Dimethylsiloxane Copolymers

Summary: In this paper we show how the strong organic Lewis acid catalyst, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C₆F₅) or BCF), can be used to facilitate the functionalization of simple polymeric silicones with a triarylamine yielding a novel class of charge transporting materials. The reaction conditions we refer to as Piers-Rubinsztajn Conditions and we have previously shown such conditions to be suitable when using phenylated silicones as precursors. In this work we found they also work successfully for a silicone oligomer as well as cocopolymers of polymethylhydridosiloxane (PMHS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a PMHS homopolymer, all of which are highly abundent and available in industrial quanitities. The resulting material was either a waxy solid, viscous oil or a glass. An additional “finishing” step with anisole using the same chemistry was found necessary to prevent gelation of the copolymer and homopolymer of PMHS. Even after finishing a small fraction (<5%) of Si-H groups remained in the silicones. This nonetheless provides a rapid and mild method to synthesize functional silicones and tune their physical properties, using commonly available starting materials.     

大口径非球面元件磁流变加工稳定性研究

重点分析了非球面元件磁流变加工的动态稳定性影响因素。设计了非球面元件的自动装调定位系统,提高了装调精度。采用一种拟合光栅式加工的新方法来验证其效果,通过测量元件表面形成的直线沟壑深度、宽度波动比例来评价去除的动态稳定性。在400 mm×400 mm口径的方形非球面元件上进行面形收敛验证实验,波长λ为632.8 nm时,加工后的透射波前误差PV值达到0.331λ,低频透射波前梯度误差GRMS值达到了0.008λ/cm。     

Highly cross-linked UV-cured siloxane copolymer networks as icephobic coatings

Preventing ice growth on infrastructure, vehicles, and appliances remains a significant engineering challenge. Damage caused by ice growth on these installations can be expensive to repair, and their failure can be dangerous. Materials such as cross-linked polymer networks make effective anti-ice coatings and can prevent ice growth: reducing the cost of infrastructure repairs and limiting downtime. A link between cross-link density and ice adhesion has been demonstrated, such that lower cross-link density materials tend toward lower ice adhesion. Here we describe a method of lowering cross-link density by incorporating the covalently bound comonomers methyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and styrene into UV-cured PDMS-based polymer networks. Cross-link density, hardness, surface roughness, and ice adhesion on these materials are tested, showing the influence of comonomer proportions on their properties. Durability is found to increase with the addition of 5, 10, and 25 wt% comonomer, with little to no effect on ice adhesion until 25 wt%, where increases in ice adhesion are observed. Coatings show promisingly low ice adhesion of ~50 kPa, maintaining this low adhesion for up to 50 deicing cycles.