An amino trimethylene phosphonic acid-based chelated boric acid complex that works as a synergistic flame retardant for enhancing the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics

The chelating ligands of boric acid and amino trimethyl phosphonate prepared a novel flame retardant (BAP) for the cotton fabric. A stable chemical and coordination bond was formed on the surface of the cotton fibers by a simple three-curing finishing process to make the fabric exhibits excellent durable flame retardancy. Cotton fabrics' tensile strength and whiteness got substantially retained after BAP treatment. 90 g/L BAP-treated samples (3 curing times, 50 laundry cycles) showed good flame retardancy and durability, holding the largest limit oxygen index, 29.7%, and the shortest damage length, 61 mm. A condensed phase and gas phase synergistic flame retardant mechanism was concluded by thermogravimetric, cone calorimeter tests, and thermogravimetric infrared analysis.     

Microencapsulation of cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and garlic (Allium sativum) oils in β-cyclodextrin

Cinnamon leaf (CLO) and garlic oils (GO) are good antimicrobials, however, their volatility complicates their application as food preservatives. Hence, microencapsulation of CLO and GO with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was studied at 4:96, 8:92, 12:88, and 16:84 (oil:β-CD) percent weight ratios. Microcapsule characterization included gas chromatography analysis, moisture sorption–desorption isotherms, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata. Major oil constituents were eugenol for CLO and allyl disulfide for GO. The 16:84 ratio (CLO:β-CD) showed the highest eugenol content; the allyl disulfide content was higher, but not significantly different (P > 0.05) for the 12:88 and 16:84 ratios. Microcapsules showed lower moisture sorption than β-CD, although during water desorption there were no difference between them. Hydrogen bonds were detected between oil constituents and β-CD by IR spectroscopy. CLO:β-CD and GO:β-CD microcapsules displayed good antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata. Therefore, CLO and GO microcapsules can have important applications in the food industry as stable natural antimicrobial compound systems.     

Applications of near infrared spectroscopy in cotton impurity and fiber quality detection: A review

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging, non-invasive, multi-index, simple preparation of sample process analytical technique suitable for cotton quality assessment. Cotton impurities not only affect the quality of seed cotton and lint cotton but also the quality of textiles. These impurities can occur during harvest and in the stage of postharvest handing, especially during pack house operations. In such a global and competitive marketplace, it is necessary to explore rapid, accurate, and precise cotton quality measurement techniques which require less expensive instrumentation, exhibit increased flexibility versatility, and perform both laboratory measurements and non-laboratory (at-line or field) measurements. Some reports have been published on the use of NIRS technology for inspecting cotton impurity contents, micronaire, and cotton fiber quality. This article condenses a representative selection of recent research in order to observe the significant progresses in how NIRS technology is applied to inspection of cotton impurity and cotton fiber. Additionally, the drawbacks and obstacles of NIRS for quality measurement in cotton are summarized and the trends are discussed.     

三七叶甙制备抗癌活性成分20(R)-人参皂甙-Rh2和人参皂甙Rg3

人参皂甙-Rh2(ginsenoside Rh2)和Rg3是从人参中分离得到的具有抗癌活性的四环三萜类原人参二醇型低糖链皂甙单体。其中,以人参皂甙为主要成分的抗癌新药Rg3参—胶囊已获国家药品监督管理局颁发的中药一类新药证书。皂甙类成分要从植物中分离困难。为了得到某些活性     

基于优化面积光谱指数的玉米叶片叶绿素值估测

综合使用光谱技术对作物养分进行实时、有效诊断,有助于作物的精准管理、保障产量和减少环境污染,提高肥料利用率,并且为定量估测作物生化组分状况提供了一种新的途径.光谱指数是进行作物叶片叶绿素实时估测的重要指标,然而由于受到环境条件及内在生化成分的影响,估测结果不尽满意.为了进一步提高光谱指数在估测作物叶片叶绿素含量时的抗干...     

Polylactic Acid Film Coated with Electrospun Gelatin/Chitosan Nanofibers Containing Betel Leaf Ethanolic Extract: Properties,Bioactivities, and Use for Shelf-Life Extension of Tilapia Slices

Gelatin/chitosan solutions incorporated with betel leaf ethanolic extract (BLEE) at varying concentrations were electrospun on polylactic acid (PLA) films. Nanofibers with different morphologies, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were formed after solutions of gelatin/chitosan with and without BLEE were electrospun on PLA films at a constant voltage (25 kV) and a feed rate of 0.4 mL/h. Beaded gelatin/chitosan nanofibers (GC/NF) were found, particularly when high concentrations of BLEE were encapsulated. PLA films coated with GC/NF, and with BLEE added, showed antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which were augmented by increasing BLEE concentrations. Lower water vapor permeability and enhanced mechanical properties were achieved for GC/NF-coated PLA film (p < 0.05). Microbial growth and lipid oxidation of Nile tilapia slices packaged in PLA film coated with GC/NF containing 2% BLEE were more retarded than those packaged in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags over refrigerated storage of 12 days. Based on microbial limits, the shelf-life was escalated to 9 days, while the control had a shelf-life of 3 days. Therefore, such a novel film/bag could be a promising active packaging for foods.     

外源性加硒法增加枣中硒含量的研究

以不同深度硒溶液对枣树进行不同次数的叶面喷施,得到了不同硒含量的枣样品,用荧光光度法测定了样品中硒的含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,用外源性加硒法可明显提高枣中硒的含量;并且可通过调节喷施液浓度和喷施次数,得到硒含量适宜的成熟小枣。     

重金属铅离子胁迫下玉米叶片光谱弱差信息的DSAT甄别模型

光谱间微弱信息测度是当今高光谱遥感研究难点之一,传统光谱测度方法难以区分光谱信息的微弱差异。研究设计了不同浓度的铅(Pb)污染实验,并测量了不同浓度铅离子(Pb2+)胁迫下玉米叶片的高光谱反射率、叶绿素含量及Pb2+含量,但是从所测结果得出,不同浓度Pb2+胁迫下的光谱相似性相关系数均达到0.999,难以区分不同浓度Pb2+胁迫引发的光谱间微弱信息差异和污染程度。针对这一情况,基于光谱微分处理、正切函数增强、光谱角量度与波谱分段检测等,提出了一种新型的相似光谱测度方法,即微分光谱角正切(derivative spectral angle tangent,DSAT)法。为了验证DSAT在区分相关系数达0.99以上相似光谱的可行性和有效性,将DSAT用于不同浓度Pb2+胁迫玉米叶片的整体波形与光谱区间子波形的信息差异性度量与检测。实验结果得到,波形差异信息与玉米叶片中叶绿素相对浓度与Pb2+含量显著相关。进而也证明DSAT法在甄别较高相似性光谱间差异上具有更好的实用性和优越性。     

一种坛紫菜叶状体测定新方法研究

通过一系列试验探究坛紫菜不同生物量的指标, 以期用测量叶面积的方式来替代传统测量指标. 研究了环境的光、温、湿度对于叶面积测定结果的影响, 明确其适用范围; 设计了相关性、变异系数、标准差与增量比值的试验. 结果表明, 叶面积与干重的相关性极其显著; 叶面积的变异系数最小, 均小于1%, 其标准差与增量比值也小于其他指标. 同时也表明, 在坛紫菜的实验生态研究中, 叶面积以其灵敏性、简便、精确更占优势, 其可以作为紫菜等海藻形态、育种研究的一项重要指标.     

反相高效液相色谱法制备银杏叶中聚戊烯醇同系物单体

利用制备高效液相色谱法从银杏叶中分离制备了聚戊烯醇同系物单体。在HiQ sil C18柱上,以异丙醇-甲醇-正己烷-水(体积比为50∶25∶15∶4)为流动相,流速10 mL/min,采用等度洗脱方式,制备了8种化合物,经紫外光谱、红外光谱及质谱分析,确认它们分别为C70,C75,C80,C85,C90,C95,C100和C105聚戊烯醇,其中主要成分为C85及C90聚戊烯醇。高效液相色谱分析表明,制备的C75C105聚戊烯醇化合物的纯度均在96%(质量分数)以上。在该色谱条件下,各色谱峰达到了基线分离,