基于复杂网络理论的微博用户关系网络演化模型研究

微博给人们提供便利的同时也产生了较大的负面影响.为获取微博谣言的传播规律,进而采取有效措施防控其传播,本文基于复杂网络理论研究微博用户关系网络的内部特征,提出一种微博用户关系网络演化模型,借助于平均场理论,分析该演化模型的拓扑统计特性,以及谣言在该演化模型上的传播动力学行为.理论分析和仿真实验表明,由该模型演化生成的微博用户关系网络具有无标度特性.度分布指数不仅与反向连接概率有关,而且还取决于节点的吸引度分布.研究还发现,与指数分布和均匀分布相比,当节点吸引度满足幂律分布时,稳态时的谣言传播程度较大.此外,随着反向连接概率或节点初始连边数量的增加,谣言爆发的概率以及网络中最终接受谣言的节点数量都会明显增大.     

Epidemic spreading with nonlinear infectivity in weighted scale-free networks

In this paper, we investigate the epidemic spreading for the SIR model in weighted scale-free networks with the nonlinear infectivity and weighted transmission rate. Concretely, we introduce the infectivity exponent α and the weight exponent β into the epidemic system, then examine the impact of α and β on the epidemic spreading. We show that one can adjust the values of α and β to rebuild a nonzero finite epidemic threshold. Furthermore, we also find the infectivity exponent α has a stronger effect not only on the epidemic threshold, but also on the epidemic prevalence. In addition, it is also interesting to see that the absence of the epidemic threshold appears not very dejected, since the prevalence grows much more slowly as the transmission rate λ increases.     

Polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms used as thin materials for cell mechano-sensitivity studies

Three types of multilayer films made from poly(L-lysine)/hyaluronan, chitosan/hyaluronan, and poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(L-glutamic acid), were used to investigate the interplay between film mechano-chemical properties and cell adhesion. We showed that C2C12 myoblast adhesion and proliferation depended on the extent of film cross-linking for all films whatever their internal chemistry. Cell spreading areas were found to correlate with the film's stiffness and to be distributed over a unique curve. Immuno-staining of the cytoskeletal components revealed the formation of F-actin stress fibers and vinculin plaques only on stiff films. Finally, we compared our results with previous studies performed on polyacrylamide and PDMS gels, two recognized materials for mechano-sensitivity studies. We found that the effect of substrate stiffness on cell spreading is material-dependent.     

花簇分形无标度网络中节点影响力的区分度

大量研究表明分形尺度特性广泛存在于真实复杂系统中, 且分形结构显著影响网络上的传播动力学行为. 虽然复杂网络的节点传播影响力吸引了越来越多学者的关注, 但依旧缺乏针对分形网络结构的节点影响力的系统研究. 鉴于此, 本文基于花簇分形网络模型, 研究了分形无标度结构上的节点传播影响力. 首先, 对比了不同分形维数下的节点影响力, 结果表明, 当分形维数很小时, 节点影响力的区分度几乎不随节点度变化, 很难区分不同节点的传播影响力, 而随着分形维数的增大, 从全局和局域角度都能很容易识别网络中的超级传播源. 其次, 通过对原分形网络进行不同程度的随机重连来分析网络噪声对节点影响力区分度的影响, 发现在低维分形网络上, 加入网络噪声之后能够容易区分不同节点的影响力, 而在无穷维超分形网络中, 加入网络噪声之后能够区分中间度节点的影响力, 但从全局和局域角度都很难识别中心节点的影响力. 所得结论进一步补充、深化了基于花簇分形网络的节点影响力研究, 研究结果对实际病毒传播的预警控制提供了一定的理论借鉴.     

液滴在梯度微结构表面上的铺展动力学分析

本文通过改变肋柱宽度和间距, 构造了二级和多级梯度微结构表面, 采用格子-Boltzmann方法对液滴在两种梯度表面上的铺展过程进行了研究, 探析液滴运动的机理和调控方法. 结果表明, 在改变肋柱间距的二级梯度表面上, 当液滴处于Cassie态时, 接触角滞后大小与粗糙度梯度成正比关系; 当液滴从Cassie态转换为Wenzel态或介于两者之间的不稳定态时, 这一正比关系不再遵循. 在改变肋柱宽度的二级梯度表面上, 接触角滞后大小与粗糙度梯度始终成正比关系. 在多级梯度表面上, 随液滴初始半径增大, 接触角滞后减小, 但液滴平衡位置相较于初始位置偏离增大. 对梯度微结构表面上液滴运动和接触角滞后的定量分析, 可为实现梯度微结构表面液滴运动调控提供理论依据.     

Design,Sustainable Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Dual α2A/5-HT7 Receptor Antagonist with Antidepressant-Like Properties

The complex pathophysiology of depression, together with the limits of currently available antidepressants, has resulted in the continuous quest for alternative therapeutic strategies. Numerous findings suggest that pharmacological blockade of α₂-adrenoceptor might be beneficial for the treatment of depressive symptoms by increasing both norepinephrine and serotonin levels in certain brain areas. Moreover, the antidepressant properties of 5-HT₇ receptor antagonists have been widely demonstrated in a large set of animal models. Considering the potential therapeutic advantages in targeting both α₂-adrenoceptors and 5-HT₇ receptors, we designed a small series of arylsulfonamide derivatives of (dihydrobenzofuranoxy)ethyl piperidines as dually active ligands. Following green chemistry principles, the designed compounds were synthesized entirely using a sustainable mechanochemical approach. The identified compound 8 behaved as a potent α_2A/5-HT₇ receptor antagonist and displayed moderate-to-high selectivity over α₁-adrenoceptor subtypes and selected serotonin and dopaminergic receptors. Finally, compound 8 improved performance of mice in the forced swim test, displaying similar potency to the reference drug mirtazapine.     

Microgravity experiments of flame spreading along a fuel droplet array in fuel vapor-air mixture

Combustion experiments of fuel droplet array in fuel vapor-air mixture were performed at microgravities to investigate growth mechanism of group combustion of fuel droplets. A 10-droplet array was inserted into the test section filled with a saturated fuel vapor-air mixture as a simple model of prevaporized sprays. Gas equivalence ratio of the fuel vapor-air mixture was regulated by the test section temperature. n-Decane droplets of 0.8 mm in the initial diameter were suspended at the crossing points of 10 sets of X-shaped suspenders. The first droplet was ignited by a hot wire to initiate flame spread along a fuel droplet array. Flame spread speed was obtained from the history of the leading edge position of a spreading flame. Effects of droplet spacing and gas equivalence ratio on the flame spreading behavior and the flame spread speed were examined. The droplet spacing and the gas equivalence ratio were varied from 1.6 to 10.2 mm and from 0.2 to 0.7, respectively. The gas equivalence ratio has little effect on the relationship between the flame spreading behavior and the droplet spacing. The flame spread speed increases as the increase in the gas equivalence ratio at all droplet spacings. The influence of the gas equivalence ratio on the flame spread speed becomes strong as the increase in the droplet spacings. The flame spread speed increases as the increase in the droplet spacing, and then decreases. The maximum flame spread speed appears in the range from 2.4 to 3 mm at all gas equivalence ratios.     

超声作用下圆板表面液滴铺展雾化特性

对超声激励下圆板表面液滴铺展及雾化行为进行了可视化观测并基于ANSYS Workbench对超声激励下平板表面等效应力分布进行数值模拟,结合等效应力分布特性分析了不同位置液滴雾化行为差异并归纳总结了液滴铺展雾化的三种典型行为,研究结果表明:超声作用可使圆板表面液滴瞬间雾化且表面会形成与应力分布相一致的间隔交替的"雾化环...     

Dynamics of a Spreading Nanodroplet: A Molecular Dynamic Simulation

The spreading of polymer nanodroplets upon a sudden change from partial to complete wetting on an ideally flat and structureless solid substrate has been studied by molecular dynamic simulations using a coarse‐grained bead‐spring model of flexible macromolecules. Tanner's law for the growth of the lateral droplet radius {R(t) ∝ t^0.1} is found to hold as long as the droplet does not disintegrate into individually moving chains. The data for the contact angle θ following from Tanner's law correspond to a dependence on time {θ(t) ∝ t^−0.3}. Our analysis of the mean square displacements of the polymer centers of mass reveals several dynamic regimes during the process of spreading. PACS numbers: 68.10.Gw, 05.70.Ln, 61.20.Ja, 8.45.Gd.

Molecular dynamics results for the average mean square displacement of all polymer chains plotted vs. time for a broad range of values for ε_wall.