Quasi-distributed displacement sensor for structural monitoring using a commercial OTDR

A quasi-distributed displacement sensor for structural monitoring using an optical time domain reflectometer is demonstrated. Four displacement sensing heads are placed along a standard single mode optical fibre in several locations with different intervals. Their configurations introduce power loss through the decrease of their fibre loop radius when displacement is applied. The decrease of the light intensity with displacement variation is reported. Losses of 9 dB for a 120 mm displacement with a sensitivity of 0.027 dB/mm are reported. The quasi-distributed configuration is able to address sensors with 1 m distance resolution between them.     

Real time NDE of laser shock processing with time-of-flight of laser induced plasma shock wave in air by acoustic emission sensor

Acoustic emission sensor is used to research the time-of-flight of the shock wave induced by laser-plasma in air for real time nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of laser shock processing. The time-of-flight of the shock wave propagating from the source to the sensor declines nonlinearly and similarly at the different distances for different laser energies. The velocity of the shock wave at the distance of 30 mm increases faster than that of the distance of 35 mm. The relationship between the laser energy and the distance is almost linearly when the signal with distortion is measured by acoustic emission sensor. Finally, Taylor solution is used to analyze the experimental results, and the empirical formula between the energy of the shock wave and the laser energy is established, which will provide a theoretical basis for real time NDE of laser shock processing.     

Coumarin Based Neutral Sensor for Biologically Important Anions

A coumarin Shiff-base derivative, salicylaldehyde-N-(6-phenylazo-coumarin-3-formyl)-hydrazone(1), was obtained by simple organic synthesis from cheap and commercially available starting materials. Sensor 1 exhibits a very weak fluorescence emission, however, in the presence of acetate ions “turn-on” fluorescence is observed, which results from binding-induced conformational restriction of the fluorophore. Importantly, sensor 1 can also be used as colorimetric chemosensor for the anions with strong basicity, which is easily observed from yellow to red by naked eyes. Consequently, compound 1 can behave as a colorimetric and fluorescence sensor for biologically important F–, CH3COO– and H2PO4– in the presence of the other anions tested such as Cl–, Br– and I– in dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO).     

L-半胱氨酸/漆酶修饰的纳米金阴极对氧还原的电催化

以四氯金酸和L-半胱氨酸为原料,合成了L-半胱氨酸功能化纳米金粒子,将此纳米粒子修饰在金盘电极表面并共价偶联漆酶分子。 以循环伏安法研究了此固定漆酶电极在无氧磷酸盐缓冲液中电化学行为和催化氧还原能力,并进一步评估了其作为氧传感器使用的性能：以计时电流法测定其对氧气的检测限,与氧气的亲和力（以米氏常数表征）,研究了传感器的长期使用性、热稳定性和pH-催化电流关系。 结果表明,此固定漆酶电极可以实现漆酶活性中心T2与导电纳米粒子间的直接电子迁移而无需任何外加电子中介体（氧化还原峰的式电位为192.5 mV vs AgCl/Ag）,并在接近漆酶活性中心T3氧化还原式电位（780 mV vs NHE）附近发生氧还原;测得的固酶电极与氧气的亲和力较高（米氏常数为216.4 μmol/L）且检测限低达0.22 μmol/L,在4 ℃下保存60 d后活力仍然保持初始活力的大约78%。 但这种电极的热稳定性较差,受pH值影响较明显,在pH值近于生理条件时几乎完全丧失活力。     

基于微机电系统红外光源的长光程气体检测

针对红外气体传感器对光源的要求,选用了一种宽波长、高调制频率、低功耗的小体积微机电系统(micro-electro-mechanic system, MEMS)红外光源作为辐射源,其各项性能均能很好的满足红外传感系统对于光源的要求。由于其面光源的朗伯辐射特性,整形之后的红外光数值孔径仍然很大,采用传统的长光程气室结构很难实现长光程从而提高系统的检测灵敏度。本文结合双波长单光路的差分检测方法,设计了一种基于积分球特性的吸收气室,有效地解决了MEMS红外光源在高灵敏度气体检测应用中难于实现长光程的问题;并运用光在传输过程中光通量守恒的原理,推导了此积分球吸收气室的等效光程,解决了积分球气室等效光程计算的难题;同时采用FPGA主控芯片对MEMS红外光源进行高频调制并处理探测器的输出信号,使得外围电路的设计更加简单、灵活。设计中,使用直径为5 cm的积分球吸收气室便可实现166.7 cm的等效光程,研究结果显示系统可测得的最小甲烷浓度达0.001×10-6,极大地提高了红外检测系统的灵敏度。     

Stochastic Resonance in a Simple Threshold Sensor System with Alpha Stable Noise

We investigate the effect of alpha stable noise on stochastic resonance in a single-threshold sensor system by analytic deduction and stochastic simulation. It is shown that stochastic resonance occurs in the threshold system in alpha stable noise environment, but the resonant effect becomes weakened as the alpha stable index decreases or the skewness parameter of alpha stable distribution increases. In particular, for Cauchy noise a nonlinear relation among the optimal noise deviation parameter, the signal amplitude and the threshold is analytically obtained and illustrated by using the extreme value condition for the output signal-to-noise ratio. The results presented in this communication should have application in signal detection and image restoration in the non-Gaussian noisy environment.     

基于Shark-Hartmann理论的波前探测技术研究

精确的波前探测是反射镜面型检测及光束波前畸变测量的重要依据,论文根据Shark-Hartmann理论对波前探测技术进行了模拟和实验研究。将平行光经过球面透镜/柱面透镜后形成的球面波/柱面波作为探测波前。实验采用商用的微透镜阵列和CCD搭建Shark-Hartmann传感器,利用实际光束作为参考光,避免了参考光的不准直性对实验的影响。模拟计算结果表明平均曲率误差为13.423 mm,实验结果实现了对球面/柱面/倾斜波的探测及复原。     

光纤化学传感技术研究近况

光纤化学传感器作为传感器的一个重要分支,结合了化学和光学的相关技术,将化学制膜、光纤技术以及化学分析中的分光光度法、拉曼光谱、荧光光谱、折射率检测等方法相融合,以其微型化,抗电磁干扰,传输信息量大,拥有自身参比等特点不断向前发展。简要综述了光纤化学传感技术研究近况和未来的发展趋势。重点对光纤pH化学传感器、光纤离子化学传感器和光纤气体化学传感器进行了介绍。简要分析了常见的敏感膜制备方法如化学键合法和溶胶凝胶(sol-gel)等方法。新型光纤——微结构光纤的出现为光纤化学传感器开辟了新的发展方向。由于其具有大的内表面积,结构设计灵活多样,光纤内部提供感应场所等特点,快速度成为光纤化学传感器的重要发展方向和研究热点。对微结构光纤衍生而来的新型光纤化学传感器进行了详细评述, 最后对光纤化学传感器的未来进行展望。     

碳纳米管应变传感测量与偏振拉曼控制方法研究

面向微尺度平面变形的精细测量对碳纳米管应变传感测量方法进行了理论与实验研究。利用碳纳米管的拉曼应变敏感性及其偏振选择性,针对各种典型的拉曼光谱系统偏振构型,推导建立了适于各种偏振拉曼构型的碳纳米管平面应变传感解析关系式。从测量学角度出发,对不同偏振构型下的应变传感进行了对比分析,得出入射与散射光偏振方向皆能够连续控制且始终保持平行的双偏协同构型最适合于平面应变传感,并进一步提出易于实现的双偏协同构型光路配置方式与控制方法。通过实验应用证明,所提出的方法能够有效的实现基于偏振拉曼的碳纳米管平面应变传感测量。     

Local pressure preconditioning method for steady incompressible flows

The convergence and accuracy characteristics of the preconditioned incompressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations are studied. An object-oriented C++ numerical code has been developed for solving the inviscid and viscous, steady, incompressible flows problems. The code is based on the cell-centred finite volume method. In this scheme, two-dimensional incompressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations are modified by a robust artificial compressibility (AC) and a local preconditioning matrix of pressure-sensor type. The preconditioned equations are solved with the Jameson's numerical approach, i.e. artificial dissipation and artificial viscosity terms under the form of a fourth- and second-order derivative, respectively. An explicit four-stage Runge–Kutta integration algorithm is applied to obtain the steady-state condition. The computed results include the steady-state solution of flow past the NACA-hydrofoils and a circular cylinder in free stream, for which the numerical results are compared with numerical works of other researchers. Good agreement is observed. The effects of AC parameter, artificial viscosity and dissipation factor, and local preconditioning coefficient on convergence rate and solution accuracy are tested by computing flow over the NACA0012 hydrofoil. In addition, some important design criteria of a preconditioner, such as stiffness reduction, hyperbolicity, symmetrisability, accuracy preservation for M → 0, and M-property have been examined analytically.