Integrated Adsorption–Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants by Carbon Xerogel/Titania Composites

Recent studies on the removal of pollutants via adsorption include the use of carbon-based adsorbents, due to their high porosity and large surface area; however, such materials lack photoactive properties. This study evaluates the synergistic effect of integrated mesoporous carbon xerogel (derived from resorcinol formaldehyde) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) for combined adsorption and photodegradation application. The complex formed between carbon xerogel and TiO₂ phase was investigated through FTIR, proving the presence of a Ti-O–C chemical linkage. The physicochemical properties of the synthesised adsorbent–photocatalyst were probed using FESEM, BET analysis and UV–Vis analysis. The kinetics, equilibrium adsorption, effect of pH, and effect of adsorbent dosage were investigated. The expansion of the absorbance range to the visible range was verified, and the corresponding band gap evaluated. These properties enabled a visible light response when the system was exposed to visible light post adsorption. Hence, an assistive adsorption–photodegradation phenomenon was successfully executed. The adsorption performance exhibited 85% dye degradation which improved to 99% following photodegradation. Further experiments showed the reduction of microorganisms under visible light, where no microbial colonies were observed after treatment, indicating the potential application of these composite materials.     

油田污水中聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)的降解机理研究

随着聚合物驱油技术在我国油田的大面积推广,含聚丙烯酰胺污水的产量在逐年增加 .聚丙烯酰胺在为油田生产提高原油采收率的同时,也大幅度增加了混合液的粘度和乳化性 ,使油水分离难度加大,造成采出水含油量严重超标.含聚丙烯酰胺污水具有粘度高、油水分离难度大、可生化性差等特点,对环境的负面影响也越来越明显.因此,亟待解决的问题便是部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的降解.本文综述了聚丙烯酰胺化学、生物降解机理,总结了降解聚丙烯酰胺的典型的微生物种群,阐述了生物方法的优势,为油田含聚丙烯酰胺污水的处理研究提供参考.     

酚醛树脂中亚甲基对热降解的影响

将固化后的酚醛树脂在不同温度下进行热处理,对固化后的样品进行热重分析,对热处理后的试样进行傅立叶红外光谱分析.实验结果表明,酚醛树脂的热降解与亚甲基的取代位有关.酚醛树脂中的亚甲基分两个阶段进行热解降,350~450℃的温度区间主要是部分邻-邻(o-o′)位亚甲基和邻-对(o-p)位亚甲基的分解,400~620℃温度区间为对-对(p-p′)位亚甲基的分解,p-p′位亚甲基比o-o′位亚甲基的起始热分解温度高50℃左右.     

Efficient Degradation of Tetracycline Antibiotics by Engineered Myoglobin with High Peroxidase Activity

Tetracyclines are one class of widely used antibiotics. Meanwhile, due to abuse and improper disposal, they are often detected in wastewater, which causes a series of environmental problems and poses a threat to human health and safety. As an efficient and environmentally friendly method, enzymatic catalysis has attracted much attention. In previous studies, we have designed an efficient peroxidase (F43Y/P88W/F138W Mb, termed YWW Mb) based on the protein scaffold of myoglobin (Mb), an O₂ carrier, by modifying the heme active center and introducing two Trp residues. In this study, we further applied it to degrade the tetracycline antibiotics. Both UV-Vis and HPLC studies showed that the triple mutant YWW Mb was able to catalyze the degradation of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and chlortetracycline effectively, with a degradation rate of ~100%, ~98%, ~94%, and ~90%, respectively, within 5 min by using H₂O₂ as an oxidant. These activities are much higher than those of wild-type Mb and other heme enzymes such as manganese peroxidase. As further analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS, we identified multiple degradation products and thus proposed possible degradation mechanisms. In addition, the toxicity of the products was analyzed by using in vitro antibacterial experiments of E. coli. Therefore, this study indicates that the engineered heme enzyme has potential applications for environmental remediation by degradation of tetracycline antibiotics.     

Synthesis of New Cobalt(III) Meso-Porphyrin Complex,Photochemical, X-ray Diffraction,and Electrical Properties for Photovoltaic Cells

The present work describes the preparation and characterization of a new cobalt(III) porphyrin coordination compound named (chlorido)(nicotinoylchloride)[meso-tetra(para-chlorophenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt(III) dichloromethane monosolvate with the formula [Co^III(TClPP)Cl(NTC)]·CH₂Cl₂ (4). The single-crystal X-ray molecular structure of 4 shows very important ruffling and waving distortions of the porphyrin macrocycle. The Soret and Q absorption bands of 4 are very red-shifted as a consequence of the very distorted porphyrin core. This coordination compound was also studied by fluorescence and cyclic voltammetry. The efficiency of our four porphyrinic compounds—the H₂TClPP (1) free-base porphyrin, the [Co^II(TClPP)] (2) and [Co^III(TClPP)Cl] (3) starting materials, and the new Co(III) metalloporphyrin [Co^III(TClPP)Cl(NTC)]·CH₂Cl₂ (4)—as catalysts in the photochemical degradation was tested on malachite green (MG) dye. The current voltage of complexes 3 and 4 was also studied. Electrical parameters, including the saturation current density (J_s) and barrier height (ϕ_b), were measured.     

甲基苯基乙烯基硅橡胶电离总剂量效应

甲基苯基乙烯硅橡胶具有耐高低温、防震等独特优势,在航天器的减震、密封等领域具有广泛应用前景。研究了甲基苯基乙烯基硅橡胶的电离总剂量效应。结果表明,随着辐射剂量的增加,甲基苯基乙烯基硅橡胶的力学性能出现了不同程度的退化。拉伸强度和撕裂强度变化规律以1106 Gy(Si)剂量点为分界点。低于该剂量,拉伸和撕裂随剂量增加快速下降;高于该剂量时,随辐照剂量增加,拉伸强度出现一定程度反弹,呈现出宽U形,而撕裂强度则是先增加后下降。拉断伸长率和邵氏硬度A随辐照剂量增加分别出现快速下降和增加,最终接近饱和。最后,从辐射交联和裂解方面讨论了甲基苯基乙烯基硅橡胶电离总剂量效应的潜在物理机制。     

Recent Progress in Iron-Based Microwave Absorbing Composites: A Review and Prospective

With the rapid development of communication technology in civil and military fields, the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution caused by the electromagnetic wave becomes particularly prominent and brings great harm. It is urgent to explore efficient electromagnetic wave absorption materials to solve the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution. Therefore, various absorbing materials have developed rapidly. Among them, iron (Fe) magnetic absorbent particle material with superior magnetic properties, high Snoek’s cut-off frequency, saturation magnetization and Curie temperature, which shows excellent electromagnetic wave loss ability, are kinds of promising absorbing material. However, ferromagnetic particles have the disadvantages of poor impedance matching, easy oxidation, high density, and strong skin effect. In general, the two strategies of morphological structure design and multi-component material composite are utilized to improve the microwave absorption performance of Fe-based magnetic absorbent. Therefore, Fe-based microwave absorbing materials have been widely studied in microwave absorption. In this review, through the summary of the reports on Fe-based electromagnetic absorbing materials in recent years, the research progress of Fe-based absorbing materials is reviewed, and the preparation methods, absorbing properties and absorbing mechanisms of iron-based absorbing materials are discussed in detail from the aspects of different morphologies of Fe and Fe-based composite absorbers. Meanwhile, the future development direction of Fe-based absorbing materials is also prospected, providing a reference for the research and development of efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with strong absorption performance, frequency bandwidth, light weight and thin thickness.     

催化膜和催化膜反应器:整合的高效和环保催化过程

 The design of new heterogeneous photooxygenation systems able to employ visible light, oxygen, mild temperatures, and solvent with a low environmental impact has been investigated. In particular, the heterogenization of decatungstate (W10O4-32), a polyoxometalate with photocatalytic activity in oxidation reactions, has been carried out in polymeric membranes of polyvinylidenefluoride. The polymeric catalytic membranes prepared by phase inversion technique have been successfully applied in the aerobic mineralization of phenol in water, which was used as an example of organic pollutant. In order to evaluate the effect of the polymeric environment on the overall catalyst behavior, we have also heterogenized the decatungstate (opportunely functionalized) in perfluorinated membrane made of Hyflon. The photocatalytic composite membranes are characterized by different and tuneable properties depending on the nature of the polymeric micro-environment, in which the catalyst is confined. Moreover, the selective separation function of the membrane results in enhanced performance in comparison with homogeneous reactions.     

高效液相色谱法检测邻烯丙基苯酚在小麦纹枯病菌中降解动态

采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列(HPLC-DAD)检测方法定量分析仿生杀菌剂邻烯丙基苯酚在小麦纹枯病菌中的降解情况。检测条件为:流动相为乙腈/水(0.1%醋酸),HYPERSIL BDS C18(250 mm×4.6 mmi.d.,5μm)色谱柱,检测波长280 nm。邻烯丙基苯酚的线性回归方程为y=5.019 8.0266x(r=0.9999),在2~500 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好。检出限和定量下限分别为0.15和2.00 mg/L;平均回收率为72.63%。所建立的分析方法灵敏、准确,并且具有较好的稳定性和重现性,可以用于邻烯丙基苯酚在小麦纹枯病菌中消解动态的定性定量分析。检测0~144 h内邻烯丙基苯酚在小麦纹枯病菌培养液中的降解情况,0~8h间邻烯丙基苯酚在培养液中迅速降解,至8 h时药物的降解率达到47.13%。此后,邻烯丙基苯酚呈平稳的递减趋势,在144 h药物已消解71.02%。此过程中药物对病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用并未因其降解而降低,而是呈现较平稳的抑菌势态。     

聚乙烯塑料在连续超临界水反应器中的油化研究

在连续超临界水（SCW）反应器中考察了反应温度、停留时间和反应压力对聚乙烯（PE）降解油化的影响。实验结果表明,在120s、25MPa下,从500℃提高到550℃,液体收率呈现先升后降的趋势,在530℃达到最大值（79%）;在520℃、25MPa下,随停留时间的延长,PE裂解程度加深,产物轻质化程度提高,导致液体收率降低,停留240s时,气体收率达到43%;反应压力对产物收率的影响较小,气、液产物中烯/烷比随反应压力的增加而增大。