浆态床中Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2+γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂一步法合成二甲醚

采用共沉淀法,制备了纤维状CD501甲醇合成催化剂,采用SEM、TEM、XRD和BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征;并将其进一步和γ-Al₂O₃进行混合,获得了Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃/ZrO₂+γ-Al₂O₃双功能催化剂,考察了其在浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程的催化特性。结果表明,相比商业催化剂(COM)和LP201催化剂,新型的CD501催化剂具有更大的比表面积和Cu/Zn分散性。对于浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程,采用CD501与γ-Al₂O₃双功能催化剂,相比采用COM或LP201与γ-Al₂O₃双功能催化剂,CO转化率提高了一倍,且经过270h测试,CO转化率从61%降至57%,二甲醚时空产率从0.54g/(g·h)降至0.48g/(g·h),稳定性显著优于COM催化剂。当反应温度为250℃,压力为4.0MPa,空速为3000mL/(g·h),氢碳比为1.0时,该催化剂应用在浆态床一步法合成二甲醚时,CO转化率为61%,DME时空产率达到0.54g/(g·h)。     

空气污染组分H2O和CO2对乙烯燃烧性能的影响(II)——反应机理和动力学模拟

超燃冲压发动机在高空工作时, 以高温高速纯净空气作氧化剂使燃料燃烧. 但在地面实验中, 高温空气往往通过燃烧加热方式获得, 会使空气中含有H2O和CO2等污染组分. 本文用活塞流反应器进行动力学模拟, 研究在不同初温、压强和燃气比的条件下, H2O和CO2污染组分对乙烯燃烧的温度、压强和点火延迟时间等特性的影响. 模拟结果表明: 乙烯在含有H2O/CO2污染物的空气中燃烧, 相比纯净的空气而言, H2O对乙烯的点火有一定的促进作用, 而CO2有一定的抑制作用; 空气中含H2O和CO2污染物使乙烯燃烧的平衡温度和压强降低, 在污染物浓度相同时, CO2引起的下降幅度比H2O的大. 模拟结果能较好地解释现有的实验现象.     

半导体可饱和吸收镜实现固体激光器皮秒锁模的机理研究

对半导体可饱和吸收镜(SESAM)实现固体激光器皮秒锁模的机理进行了研究。通过对染料锁模介质和SESAM的结构对比,对SESAM皮秒锁模机理提出了一个新的解释。其在锁模激光器中充当锁模器件时,不仅仅是一个吸收体,同时也是一个增益介质。当腔内增益和损耗保持平衡时实现稳定的连续锁模。     

分子动力学模拟压水反应堆中联氨对水的影响

本文采用分子动力学方法模拟在常温常压下(1 atm,298 K)和在压水堆环境下(155 atm,626 K),水分子数为256,联氨(N₂H₄)分子数为0,25,50,75等不同数目时,水和联氨粒子系统的动力性质和微观结构.同时探讨了联氨分子的引入对水中溶解氧的影响.从模拟结果可知,在常温常压下,当联氨的分子数为0,25,50,75时,粒子系统的均方位移会随联氨分子数的增加而增加;联氨分子数为0与为25,50,75比较时会少一个数量级;压水堆环境下,联氨分子数 关键词： 分子动力学 压水堆 联氨     

Radioactive waste partitioning and transmutation within advanced fuel cycles: Achievements and challenges

If nuclear power becomes a sustainable source of energy, a safe, robust, and acceptable solution must be pursued for existing and projected inventories of high-activity, long-lived radioactive waste. Remarkable progress in the field of geological disposal has been made in the last two decades. Some countries have reached important milestones, and geological disposal (of spent fuel) is expected to start in 2020 in Finland and in 2022 in Sweden. In fact, the licensing of the geological repositories in both countries is now entering into its final phase. In France, disposal of intermediate-level waste (ILW) and vitrified high-level waste (HLW) is expected to start around 2025, according to the roadmap defined by an Act of Parliament in 2006. In this context, transmutation of part of the waste through use of advanced fuel cycles, probably feasible in the coming decades, can reduce the burden on the geological repository. This article presents the physical principle of transmutation and reviews several strategies of partitioning and transmutation (P&T). Many recent studies have demonstrated that the impact of P&T on geological disposal concepts is not overwhelmingly high. However, by reducing waste heat production, a more efficient utilization of repository space is likely. Moreover, even if radionuclide release from the waste to the environment and related calculated doses to the population are only partially reduced by P&T, it is important to point out that a clear reduction of the actinide inventory in the HLW definitely reduces risks arising from less probable evolutions of a repository (i.e., an increase of actinide mobility in certain geochemical situations and radiological impact by human intrusion).     

连续螺旋折流板蒸发器壳侧流动换热数值模拟研究

本文对相同几何尺寸的连续螺旋折流板蒸发器与传统弓形折流板蒸发器进行对比性的数值模拟研究,结果表明:在相同壳侧体积流量和折流板数条件下,连续螺旋折流板蒸发器的传热因子和摩擦因子约是弓形折流板的1/3和1/4;当以换热因子和摩擦因子比值评价蒸发器综合性能时,连续螺旋折流板蒸发器比弓形折流板蒸发器提高57%;当最小流通截面流...     

Fixed point theorems in piecewise continuous function spaces and applications to some nonlinear problems

The piecewise continuous function space is an important state space in various nonlinear problems. In this paper, we establish some new fixed point theorems for the perturbed contraction operators in piecewise continuous function spaces. Our results can be applied to various integral operators. Some previous results are improved in this literature. As applications, the existence and uniqueness of solutions of impulsive anti‐periodic boundary value problems and the Lasota–Wazewska models with delays are exhibited at last two sections. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Circle approximation using LN Bézier curves of even degree and its application

We present an approximation method of circular arcs using linear-normal (LN) Bézier curves of even degree, four and higher. Our method achieves G^m$G^m$ continuity for endpoint interpolation of a circular arc by a LN Bézier curve of degree 2m  , for m=2,3$m=2,3$. We also present the exact Hausdorff distance between the circular arc and the approximating LN Bézier curve. We show that the LN curve has an approximation order of 2m+2$2m+2$, for m=2,3$m=2,3$. Our approximation method can be applied to offset approximation, so obtaining a rational Bézier curve as an offset approximant. We derive an algorithm for offset approximation based on the LN circle approximation and illustrate our method with some numerical examples.