Performance enhancement on mechanical and electrical effects for on-line fiber-optic bending loss measurement

For an automatic testing of the fiber bending loss parameter, we proposed an on-line fiber optic bending loss measurement system. Many impact factors from the supporting systems, free space coupling alignment, external spatial perturbation device and the other automatic testing systems may degrade the on-line fiber-optic bending loss measurement system. We reduce those impact factors and show the mechanical and electrical improvement in this paper. The accuracy can be improved by 3–5 dB for the proposed on-line bending loss measurement system. Development of an on-line fiber-optic bending loss measurement system can provide a fast-checking solution for jump-line quality improvement on fiber-from-the-desk (FFTD) access network.     

Might Dark Matter and Energy be Intrinsic Properties of?Space?

It is shown that if a volume element V, of space is assumed to have intrinsic energy E, then basic principles of mechanics, thermodynamics and special relativity lead to the equation of state: E=pV, where p is the pressure. When this equation of state is incorporated in the Einstein equations it leads to the prediction that the orbital speed of matter circling a visible galaxy embedded in a spherical galactic halo should be relativistic, in disagreement with observations. However, it also leads directly to the interesting notion that the inertial mass of such a medium can be understood as a resistance to being compressed via Lorentz contraction. It is then shown that the mathematical structure of thermodynamics suggests another plausible definition of pressure if we allow for the possibility that the intrinsic energy of spacetime may not be described by the same work-energy relationship as ordinary matter. This additional possibility leads to the equation of state: E=−pV. While both of these equations of state describe forms of energy that are quite unlike ordinary energy, neither alone is able to account for observed rotational velocity curves of matter orbiting visible galaxies. Therefore, the possibility that space has two distinct components of energy is investigated. This results in a plausible, two-component equation of state in which the former equation of state is tentatively identified as the “dark matter” (DM) component, the latter as the “dark energy” (DE) component. The effective equation of state of space, accounting for the presence of both components, may then be written in the form: p=w ε, where ε is the total energy density, p the total pressure, and w represents the fractional excess of DM over DE (and therefore satisfies: −1≤w≤+1). Given the wide range of possible spacetime properties implied by this equation it appears to be a viable candidate for explaining observations presently attributed to the presence of both DM and DE. Specifically, the static, spherically symmetric solution of Einstein’s field equations, neglecting effects of ordinary matter, predicts the inverse r ² distribution of intrinsic space energy required to explain observed constant rotational velocity curves for matter in circular orbits around visible galaxies embedded within spherically symmetric galactic halos. The proposed equation of state is also capable of describing regions of space undergoing accelerated expansion as regions where DE is dominant (i.e., w<−1/3).     

直线阵光学综合孔径成像中的子孔径尺寸效应

光学综合孔径阵列中的子孔径的位置和直径的大小对成像质量有着重要的影响。详细分析了几种不同优化排列的光学综合孔径直线阵列的无像差点扩展函数、光学传递函数和衍射成像特性．结果表明,子孔径的位置不同．光学传递函数的空间频率覆盖有很大的差异。增大子孔径的直径可以增大空间频率覆盖程度．但子孔径直径过大时义会产生空间频率冗余度和增加制造成本。直线阵光学综合孔径的衍射成像是多重像,子孔径直径的增大还可以减小重影的程度,提高成像质量。结果说明,在进行光学综合孔径阵列优化排列时必须考虑子孔径的直径大小这个重耍的因素。     

无箔二极管强流电子束空间密度分布初步研究

通过在强磁场条件下,利用环形刀口石墨阴极(刀口尺寸38~39mm)开展电子束轰击收集极内表面铜箔和垂直轰击金属靶片实验,对无箔二极管中电子束的空间密度分布进行了初步研究,并对其产生原因进行了分析。研究结果表明,电子束径向分布在37.2~40.2mm,存在密度较高区域(38.8~39.4mm)和密度最大值点(39.2mm),且均偏向于阴极外侧。无箔二极管环形阴极爆炸发射产生电子束的径向密度分布可用偏态分布近似。     

Theoretical study of the smiles rearrangement in the activation mechanism of proton pump inhibitors

This work describes the conformational behavior and the activation mechanism of timoprazole and substituted prazoles from the most stable conformation to the sulphenic acid. The stability of the conformers can be explained by the presence of hydrogen bonds, stereoelectronic effect because of the lone pair of sulfur atom and the N^…C and N^…S interactions. The first step of the Smile rearrangement is a nucleophilic addition to benzimidazole by pyridine moiety, which depends on the difference of the electron population of the atoms involved in the attack. The second step produces sulphenic acid by a concerted reaction where breaking of the S–C bond goes along with a proton migration, and is determined by the electron population of the sulfur atom. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Unusual conformational preferences of 1,3‐dimethyl‐3‐isopropoxy‐3‐silapiperidine

The conformational analysis of the first representative of the Si‐alkoxy substituted six‐membered Si,N‐heterocycles, 1,3‐dimethyl‐3‐isopropoxy‐3‐silapiperidine, was performed by low‐temperature ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and DFT theoretical calculations. In contrast to the expectations from the conformational energies of methyl and alkoxy substituents, the Me_axi‐PrO_eq conformer was found to predominate in the conformational equilibrium in the ratio Me_axi‐PrO_eq : Me_eqi‐PrO_ax of ca. 2 : 1 as from the ¹H and ¹³C NMR study. The thermodynamic parameters obtained by the complete line shape analysis showed that the main contribution to the barrier to ring inversion originates from the entropy term of the free energy of activation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电磁散射问题的两种反演方法研究

提出了电磁散射问题的两种反演方法:确定性梯度搜索方法和MonteCarlo随机搜索方法.给出了两种方法的基本原理,并对反演性能包括对散射体的定位能力、反演精度、反演时间进行了系统的分析与比较.数值计算结果表明,确定性方法定位精确,而随机性方法对散射体电磁参数的反演精度高且速度快,利用两者优点可以增强反演效果.     

Low dimensional chaos in the AT and GC skew profiles of DNA sequences

This paper investigates the existence of low-dimensional deterministic chaos in the AT and GC skew profiles of DNA sequences. It has taken DNA sequences from eight organisms as samples. The skew profiles are analysed using continuous wavelet transform and then nonlinear time series methods. The invariant measures of correlation dimension and the largest Lyapunov exponent are calculated. It is demonstrated that the AT and GC skew profiles of these DNA sequences all exhibit low dimensional chaotic behaviour. It suggests that chaotic properties may be ubiquitous in the DNA sequences of all organisms.     

Background Independent Quantum Mechanics, Classical Geometric Forms and Geometric Quantum Mechanics—I

The geometry of the symplectic structures and Fubini-Study metric is discussed. Discussion in the paper addresses geometry of Quantum Mechanics in the classical phase space. Also, geometry of Quantum Mechanics in the projective Hilbert space has been discussed for the chosen Quantum states. Since the theory of classical gravity is basically geometric in nature and Quantum Mechanics is in no way devoid of geometry, the explorations pertaining to more and more geometry in Quantum Mechanics could prove to be valuable for larger objectives such as understanding of gravity.     

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays threshold in Randers-Finsler space

Kinematics in Finsler space is used to study the propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays particles through the cosmic microwave background radiation. We find that the GZK threshold is lifted dramatically in Randers-Finsler space. A tiny deformation of spacetime from Minkowskian to Finslerian allows more ultra-high energy cosmic rays particles to arrive at the earth. It is suggested that the lower bound of particle mass is related with the negative second invariant speed in Randers-Finsler space.