焓差法空调制冷量测量不确定度分析

介绍了焓差法空调测试系统及测量原理,分析了焓差法空调测试过程中各个量的不确定度来源以及评定方法,并以实验数据为基础,对具体的实验数据进行了分析计算。提出了减小焓差法空调测试系统测量不确定度的途径,以提高测量的准确性和测量数据的可信度。     

热脱附/气相色谱–质谱法检测新装修房内不同状态空气中TVOC比对

采用热脱附/气相色谱–质谱联用方法对两套新装修房(完工2个月和4个月)进行通风、封闭1 h、连续使用家用空调5 h 3种状态下总挥发性有机物TVOC进行检测。结果显示完工2个月的新装修房间封闭1 h TVOC含量比通风状态增加5倍,而连续开启家用空调5 h后室内TVOC含量比通风状态增加7.9倍;完工4个月的新装修房封闭房间1 h TVOC含量比通风状态增加0.5倍,而连续开启家用空调5 h后室内TVOC含量比通风状态增加2.5倍;污染程度不同的房间在使用空调后TVOC含量也有不同的变化。     

Double-Chain Cationic Surfactants: Swelling,Structure, Phase Transitions and Additive Effects

Double-chain amphiphilic compounds, including surfactants and lipids, have broad significance in applications like personal care and biology. A study on the phase structures and their transitions focusing on dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride (DODAC), used inter alia in hair conditioners, is presented. The phase behaviour is dominated by two bilayer lamellar phases, L_β and L_α, with “solid” and “melted” alkyl chains, respectively. In particular, the study is focused on the effect of additives of different polarity on the phase transitions and structures. The main techniques used for investigation were differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). From the WAXS reflections, the distance between the alkyl chains in the bilayers was obtained, and from SAXS, the thicknesses of the surfactant and water layers. The L_α phase was found to have a bilayer structure, generally found for most surfactants; a L_β phase made up of bilayers with considerable chain tilting and interdigitation was also identified. Depending mainly on the polarity of the additives, their effects on the phase stabilities and structure vary. Compounds like urea have no significant effect, while fatty acids and fatty alcohols have significant effects, but which are quite different depending on the nonpolar part. In most cases, L_β and L_α phases exist over wide composition ranges; certain additives induce transitions to other phases, which include cubic, reversed hexagonal liquid crystals and bicontinuous liquid phases. For a system containing additives, which induce a significant lowering of the L_β–L_α transition, we identified the possibility of a triggered phase transition via dilution with water.     

冷凝温度对喷射器性能的影响研究

利用二维轴对称,真实气体模型对喷射式制冷空调系统的喷射器进行CFD计算.利用CFD模型进行计算,得到了喷射器在不同冷凝条件下性能变化及其系统的COP变化.在喷射器结构确定,凝温度要在一定范围:20℃≤tc≤40℃,喷射器正常工作.当冷凝压力低于临界压力时,喷射器的性能表现出恒能力特性.利用CFD技术研究得到冷凝温度的变...     

弱不连续问题高阶有限元离散系统的GAMG法

弱不连续问题(如含夹杂问题)是固体力学计算中的一类重要问题。高阶有限元方法由于其具有更好的逼近效果,是确保数值解在界面保持较高精度的计算方法之一。但与线性元相比,高阶单元需要更多的计算机存储单元,具有更高的计算复杂性。本文利用两水平算法的思想,将高阶有限元离散系统化归于线性元离散系统的求解,为弱不连续问题高阶有限元离散系统设计了一种新的基于几何与分析信息的代数多重网格(GAMG)法,并应用于圆形求解域含单夹杂问题的高阶有限元离散系统的求解。数值试验结果表明,相比于常用GAMG法,新方法的迭代次数基本不依赖于问题规模、单元阶次以及杨氏模量的间断性,CPU计算时间得到明显改善,具有更好的计算效率和鲁棒性,可大大提高弱不连续问题有限元分析的整体效率。     

Experimental and numerical study on aeroacoustic sound of axial flow fan in room air conditioner

Fan is one of the main noise sources of the room air-conditioners. Axial flow fans are widely used in the outdoor unit of split type air-conditioners. The interaction between the fan and the heat exchanger should be taken into consideration. However, only a few researches have been carried out on predicting the aeroacoustic noise because of the difficulty in obtaining detailed information of the flow field. This paper is to understand the generation mechanism of sound and to develop a prediction method for the flow field and the acoustic pressure field of the outdoor unit. Acoustic measurement is performed in a semi-anechoic chamber. Effects of each components is analyzed. Based on commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, Fluent, Fukano’s model is used to predict the overall sound pressure level of broadband noise. The predicted sound pressure levels based on original Fukano’s model are 7.66 dB and 7.42 dB lower than measurement results at 780 rpm and 684 rpm, respectively. And the errors are about 13%. However, when wake width and relative velocity are both calculated by numerical simulations and the distance to blade trailing edge is taken into consideration, the difference of sound pressure level between measurement and prediction is less than 3.4 dB and errors less than 5.5% while the distance is less than 10 mm. Thus, the distance to blade trailing edge should also be an important parameter for Fukano’s model. In comparison with experimental results, it is clearly shown that the Fukano method based on numerical simulation can provide more accuracy than the original Fukano model and numerical results are in a reliable level.     

某小型空调器的设计思考

介绍了某小型空调器的设计思路,主要从结构的紧凑性、制冷系统的匹配、高空工作的适应性、加热器的确定及可靠性等方面给予了阐述,同时与国外同类型空调器进行了对比,通过实际应用说明了其设计的可行性。     

空调制冷/制热时室内气流及温度分布数值研究

对于挂壁式空调器在制冷/制热工况运行时的室内气流及温度分布进行了数值模拟分析,采用k-ε紊流模型和非稳态求解方法,分别获得了在不同时间以及在不同的导风板旋转角度和出口风速情况下的室内气流及温度分布,并对原因进行了合理的分析,为合理控制温度和空调器的优化工作设计提供了理论基础。     

逆循环系统混合物不燃初始充灌浓度区预测

分析空调热泵系统泄漏浓度与初始充灌浓度的关系，提出不燃初始充灌浓度区的概念及计算方法；给出几种已被国内外确认的CFCs，HFCFs替代物系的不燃初始充灌浓度区；对各种不同性质的物系，讨论系统泄漏率对其内部工质浓度及不燃初始充灌浓度区的影响及相关因素．     

电加热融霜在冷风机融霜过程的优化

冷风机在低温工作环境下运行时的结霜是不可避免的问题。文中进行了电加热融霜实验,分析电加热元件的排布,合理选择电加热器的功率,使冷风机在经济运行成本的情况下,获得最优的制冷效果。