反相高效液相色谱法测定皮下植入的VP-16血药浓度

试验者为小细胞肺癌患者,于右上臂皮下植入缓释VP-16(又称依托泊苷或鬼臼乙叉苷),按预定时间点采集静脉血并分离出血浆。血浆样品以氯仿萃取,常温下负压挥发至干,然后以流动相溶解,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定。流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)=52∶48的溶液,检测波长为UV-228 nm,色谱柱为Lichrosphere C18(250 mmX4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm)。用外标法定量。实验结果表明,该测定方法的检出限为0.02 mg/L,绝对回收率为80.4%,相对回收率为94.7%,日内和日间精密     

纤维复合材料中弹性波散射与动应力

基于弹性波动理论,对纤维增强复合材料结构中弹性波多重散射与动应力集中问题进行了分析研究,给出了介质各区域弹性波分析解的表达式.根据位移与应力在各区界面处的连续条件,确定了未知弹性波模式系数.采用Hankel函数的加法定理,将不同局部坐标系中散射波场的表达式变换到了同一个局部坐标系中,以给出弹性波模式系数和动应力集中因子的表达式.分析了多相纤维基体中两个散射体的间距、界层区材料性质以及界层区和纤维核区截面尺寸的变化,对各区界面动应力集中系数的影响.分析表明,两个散射体的间距、界层区材料性质和结构尺寸的变化对复合材料的力学特性具有显著影响.作为算例,给出了纤维增强复合材料结构中各区界面动应力集中系数的数值结果,并对其进行了分析讨论.     

长期曝气下梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata L.)的生理响应及水质氮磷变化

测定了2个各水培有13棵/m~2水体而积梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata L.)的净化槽(曝气、非曝气)的植物叶片叶绿素(Chla,Chlb)含量、可溶性蛋白(SP)含最与根组织过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及对应的净化槽水质,同时测定了植物根、茎、叶的长度与氮磷含量及生物量,研究了长期曝气下梭鱼草(P.cordata)的生理响应及水质的氮磷变化.另设空白槽对照(CK),结果表明:曝气影响了植物的生理特性,曝气槽植物的根、茎、叶长分别比非曝气槽植物短12.67,18.30,2.33 cm,根组织POD、CAT活性分别比非曝气槽根组织高0.028 3 U/(g·min),0.179 0 mg/(g·min),而非曝气槽叶片Chla、Chlb与SP含量分别比曝气槽叶片高0.314 2,0.118 4,15.75 mg/g;曝气影响植物组织的氮磷积累及生物量,曝气槽根、茎、叶组织的氮磷含量分别比非曝气槽根、茎、叶低5.04 g/kg与1.03 g/kg;6.57 g/kg与1.32 g/kg;8.67 g/kg与1.46 g/kg,根、茎、叶的生物最分别比非曝气槽植物低3.03,2.32,0.74 g/棵;曝气影响净化槽水质的氮磷浓度,TN、NH_4~+-N浓度比非曝气槽低11.22,7.81 mg/L,而TP、溶P浓度较非曝气槽高0.089,0.044 mg/L.     

甲壳素类液晶高分子的研究Ⅲ.取代度和分子量对氰乙基壳聚糖液晶性的影响

研究了氰乙基取代度和分子量两种结构因素对氰乙基壳聚糖（ＣＮＣＳ） 溶致液晶性的影响,结果表明取代度的变化（ 从０－３６ 变化到１－２１） 对ＣＮＣＳ在二氯乙酸（ＤＣＡ） 中的临界浓度基本没有影响,而随着分子量的提高,ＣＮＣＳ溶致液晶的临界浓度显著降低．临界浓度存在大的分子量依赖性表明ＣＮＣＳ有较大的链刚性．     

Monodisperse micron-sized cross-linked polystyrene particles. VI. Understanding of nucleated particle formation and particle growth

 The procedure of nucleated particle formation and particle growth in dispersion polymerization was studied with the intention of understanding the production of monodisperse polystyrene particles cross-linked with urethane acrylate (UA). The time required for the formation of primary particles was determined exactly from the turbidity measurement of the reaction mixture with the polymerization time. It could be found that differing from conventional divinyl cross-linkers, such as divinylbenzene, UA had a boundary concentration where the association and coagulation of preformed nuclei with other oligomers and/or nuclei effectively took place until the primary particle formed. Similarly to linear polystyrene particles, the particle number density of the primary particles cross-linked with UA remained constant to the final particles. This observation verifies the suggestion that the primary particles cross-linked with UA readily absorbed the monomers from the medium during the stage of particle growth. Received: 31 August 1999 Accepted: 7 January 2000     

脂肪醇对铝—钢摩擦副的润滑作用研究

利用高速环-块摩擦磨损试验机考察了一系列脂肪醇对铝-钢摩擦副的润滑作用,研究了添加剂分子链长和添加量与润滑效果的关系,发现添加剂分子间作用力对其减摩抗磨效果具有决定影响,添加剂的润滑和抗磨功能是防护-腐蚀平衡作用的结果     

两个相等圆孔板弯曲时的三维应力集中

根据Hellinger-Reissner原理建立了具有一个无外力圆柱表面的三维八节点杂交应力元,其假设应力场严格满足柱坐标下三维平衡方程及圆柱面上无外力边界条件;当元退化为二维时也满足协调方程。数值算例表明,这种特殊杂交应力元可高效地分析具有两个圆孔薄板和厚板的应力集中,特别是三维应力集中。     

Integrating thermal-concentration smoothed profile with lattice Boltzmann methods for simulating sedimentation of nonisothermal circular particles

A thermal-concentration smoothed profile-lattice Boltzmann method is proposed to study the effect of the concentration field on the dynamic behavior of nonisothermal cylindrical particles during the sedimentation process. The velocity, temperature, and concentration equations are solved using the lattice Boltzmann method. Moreover, the smoothed profile method is employed to enforce the nonslip boundary condition as well as constant temperature and constant concentration boundary conditions at the particles surfaces. Moreover, the Boussinesq approximation is used to couple the velocities, temperatures, and concentrations fields. The proposed combined method is validated by comparing the present numerical results with those found in the literature, showing good consistency. Then, the effect of the concentration buoyancy on the behavior of nonisothermal particles is discussed. In addition, the effect of Prandtl, Schmidt, and thermal Grashof numbers on the settling process is investigated. The results show that, by adding the effect of concentration, the maximum settling velocity of hot particles is reduced more relative to the cold ones; accordingly, the cold particles are settled faster than the hot ones. Finally, the sedimentation of two particles in a container at high thermal Grashof is investigated. It is shown that, at high thermal Grashof, there is an intense competition between the buoyancy force and gravity for the hot particles. The buoyancy flow generated leads to the reversal of the drafting-kissing-tumbling motion of the hot particles, making the particles move upward.     

大分子溶致凝聚过程中的几个分界浓度

按照现代高分子凝聚态物理学观点,高分子溶液按浓度分为:极稀溶液、稀溶液、亚浓溶液、浓溶液、极浓溶液5个层次,各层次间的分界浓度分别称为动态接触浓度、接触浓度、缠结浓度和全高斯链浓度,其中全高斯链浓度由本文作者命名。文中给出各分界浓度的定义,介绍各分界浓度的物理意义,特别说明命名全高斯链浓度的依据。同时详细讨论了不同浓度溶液中大分子链的构象及其变化、链间相互作用的本质和微观图像、以及溶液浓度变化对溶液性质的影响。     

Mathematical modelling of the oxygen uptake kinetics during whole-body endurance exercise and recovery

In this study, we elucidate four different mathematical models of the kinetics of oxygen uptake during whole-body endurance exercise at different intensities and throughout the subsequent recovery periods. We employ the hypothetical inductive–deductive method and forecast four different models for the oxygen kinetic. The VO₂ development using these models compared with experimental results where an elite cross-country skier performed laboratory tests while running with poles on a treadmill, in which the rate of oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration as a function of time were measured. The most developed model accounted for the delayed superimposed slow component of oxygen uptake and the influence of lactic power production on the oxygen kinetics. The rate of change in oxygen with this model is consistent with the accumulated oxygen deficit model and matched the data well, even for intensities above the lactate threshold and during recovery.