十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠分子有序聚集体的研究

采用芘为荧光探针、二苯甲酮为猝灭剂，以分子荧光探针法首次测定了由刚性基团联接的特殊双亲水基型阴离子表面活性剂——十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠(C16-MADS)的胶束聚集数(Nm)，并考察了表面活性剂浓度、无机盐浓度和温度对Nm的影响。结果表明，表面活性剂的浓度必须高于临界胶束浓度(cmc)一个数量级时，才能测定出较为合适的Nm；随着C16-MADS浓度的增大，Nm增大，胶束内核的微极性变小；而温度对Nm的影响极小。与传统的单亲水基阴离子表面活性剂相比，C16-MADS的有序聚集体表现出许多不同之处，如Nm仅为传统的单亲水基阴离子表面活性剂胶束聚集数的一半，无机盐浓度对Nm的影响极小，胶束内核的微极性明显增大。     

溶剂浮选法分离富集污水中痕量羧酸类和胺类有机污染物的研究

本文报道了溶剂浮选法分离富集污水中痕量羧酸类有机污染物和胺类有机污染物的新方法。考察了溶液的pH值、通气速度、离子强度、浮选时间、相比以及不同溶剂对浮选效果的影响。在优化了浮选条件下溶剂浮选效率达到95％以上。采用本法对石化工业污水中的痕量羧酸类和胺类物质进行分离富集和鉴定,证明了该法的可行性。     

粘液形成菌对氯锭杀菌剂的耐药性研究

粘液形成菌是工业循环冷却水系统中的三大主要危害细菌之一,影响换热管壁的传热效率。本文探讨了粘液形成菌对氯锭杀菌剂的耐药性问题。结果表明,氯锭耐药菌的最低杀菌浓度比对原始菌的高2倍以上;粘液形成菌对氯锭杀菌剂的耐药性是由药物诱导引起,属于获得性耐药,且这种获得性耐药具有可逆性;粘液形成菌原始菌在高浓度氯锭冲击状态下不会产生耐药性且耐药菌株在浓度冲击下会被杀死。     

氨浓度对氨蒸发法制备Pd-Cu/凹凸棒土催化剂常温CO氧化性能的影响

以凹凸棒土(APT)作载体,采用氨蒸发法制备了Pd-Cu/APT催化剂,以CO氧化为探针反应,在连续流动微反应装置上,考察了初始氨浓度对催化剂CO常温催化氧化性能的影响。通过N₂-physisorption、XRD、FT-IR、TEM和H₂-TPR等手段对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明,在较低或过高氨浓度条件下,制备的Pd-Cu/APT中Cu物种均主要以CuO为主,仅有少量Cu₂(OH)₃Cl;适宜的氨浓度有利于稳定Cu₂(OH)₃Cl物相的形成,其薄片状的形貌特征、良好的分散状态以及与Pd物种间较强的相互作用,显著提高了CO催化氧化性能。在空速6 000 h^-1、CO体积分数1.5%、水蒸气体积分数3.3%的反应条件下,Pd-Cu/APT催化剂表现出优异的CO室温催化氧化活性和稳定性。     

ANALYSIS OF THE CHAOTIC DYNAMICS OF A HIGH-FLUX CFB RISER USING SOLIDS CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS

A high-flux circulating fluidized bed （CFB） riser （0.076-m I.D. and 10-m high） was operated in a wide range of operating conditions to study its chaotic dynamics, using FCC catalyst particles （dp= 67μm, ρp = 1500 kg·m^-3）. Local solids concentration fluctuations measured using a reflective-type fiber optic probe were processed to determine chaotic invariants （Kolmogorov entropy and correlation dimension）, Radial and axial profiles of the chaotic invariants at different operating conditions show that the core region exhibits higher values of the chaotic invariants than the wall region. Both invariants vary strongly with local mean solids concentration. The transition section of the riser exhibits more complex dynamics while the bottom and top sections exhibit a more uniform macroscopic and less-complex microscopic flow structure. Increasing gas velocity leads to more complex and less predictable solids concentration fluctuations, while increasing solids flux generally lowers complexity and increases predictability. Very high solids flux, however, was observed to increase the entropy.     

Deaggregation of long chain alkyl β-naphthoic acid ester with β-CD and α-CD： A mimic way to remove excessive fat from fatty liver

The deaggregating ability of β-CD and α-CD against the aggregated n-hexadecyl β-naphthoate （A16） and n-dodecyl β-naphthoate （A12） depended not only on the aggregating tendency of A16 and A12 but also on the initial concentration of the aggregated A16 or A12. The inclusive ability of β-CD with the substrates is greater than that of α-CD under hydrophobiclipophilic interaction.     

用速度浓度同步测量系统研究瞬态气体撞壁射流混合过程

用速度浓度同步测量系统研究瞬态气体撞壁射流混合过程谢辉，苏万华，史绍熙，林荣文（天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室天津３０００７２）关键词撞壁射流，射流混合，速度浓度同步测量１引言对于中小型直喷式柴油机，燃油喷雾与壁面撞击不可避免，研究喷雾和壁面的相...     

Fluctuation‐assisted crystallization of an iPP/PEOc polymer alloy prepared on a single multicatalyst reactor granule

The new fluctuation‐assisted mechanism for nucleation and crystallization in the isotactic polypropylene/poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) alloy has been studied. We found that the liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) had a dominant influence on the crystallization kinetics through the nucleation process. After LLPS, the nucleation of crystallization mainly occurred at the interface of the phase‐separated domains. It is because that the concentration fluctuations of the LLPS induced the motion of polymer chains and possibly some segmental alignment and/or orientation in the concentration gradient regions through interdiffusion, which could assist the formation of nuclei for crystallization. In other words, the usual nucleation energy barrier could be overcome (or at least partially) by the concentration fluctuation growth of LLPS in the unstable regions. This could be viewed as a new kind of heterogeneous nucleation and could be an addition to the regular nucleation and growth mechanism for crystallization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 166–172, 2009     

高空穴浓度Mg掺杂InGaN外延材料性能的研究

采用金属有机物化学气相沉积方法生长得到具有不同Mg掺杂浓度In_xGa_1-xN (0≤x≤0.3)外延材料样品. 对样品的电学特性和光学特性进行了系统的研究. 研究发现：在固定Mg掺杂浓度下，随In组分的提高，样品空穴浓度显著提高,最高达2.4×10¹⁹cm^-3,Mg的活化效率提高了近两个数量级；通过对Mg掺杂InGaN(InGaN：Mg)样品的光致发光(PL)谱的分析，解释了InGaN：Mg样品的载流子跃迁机理，并确定了样品中Mg受主激活能和深施主能级的位置. 关键词： Mg掺杂InGaN 高空穴浓度 光致发光 金属有机物化学气相沉积     

DEUTERIUM INFLUX PROFILE ALONG THE APEX OF THE UPPER X-POINT TILES IN JET

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