Synthesis and Properties of Polypyrrole/Chitosan Composite Hydrogels

Conducting polymer hydrogels consisting of polypyrrole (PPy) and chitosan (CS) are prepared by static polymerization of pyrrole using methyl orange (MO) as the dopant and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ as the oxidant in the CS aqueous solution. PPy/CS composite hydrogels not only have good electrical conductivities, but also exhibit excellent swelling/deswelling behaviors due to the participation of one-dimensional conducting PPy blocks in the hydrogel network. The effects of the amount of the oxidant and ionic strength on the physical properties of PPy/CS composite hydrogels are studied in detail. The results show that PPy/CS composite hydrogels have improved water absorbencies in saline solutions compared with the conventional polyelectrolyte hydrogel.     

Eco‐friendly conductive polymer nanocomposites (CPC) for solar absorbers design

To reduce both the cost and the environmental impact of copper‐based thermal solar absorbers, we have investigated their possible substitution by bio‐based conductive polymer nanocomposite (CPC) elements. Our results show that carbon nanotubes (CNT) have no significant influence on polymers’ calorimetric properties such as T_m and T_g but lead to a strong increase in crystallinity of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and to a lesser extent of poly(amide 12) poly(amide 12) (PA12) for 2 and 3 CNT wt % respectively. Percolation thresholds as low as 0.5 and 0.58 were obtained for PA12 and PLA, respectively, and visco‐elastic properties such as η*, G’ and G” were found to increase exponentially with CNT content confirming the formation of a CNT network within the matrix. All CPC are absorbing more energy in the visible and infrared than in the ultraviolet wavelength ranges. Finally, the thermal conductivity k of PLA–CNT and PA12–CNT were increased, respectively, of 85% and 24%, to reach 0.28 W.m^?1.K^?1 and 0.26 W.m^?1.K^?1, for only 5 wt% CNT. The figure of merit suggests that PA12 is the polymer which satisfies at best all criteria, particularly combining a lower viscosity at almost equivalent thermal conductivity and absorptivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of Sericite Modified by Macromolecular Dispersant on the Thermal,Mechanical and Electrical Properties of the NR/SBR Composites

A new hydrosoluble macromolecular dispersant and modifier, poly(ethylene glycol)-maleic anhydride-acrylic acid (PEG-MA-AA) terpolymer was synthesized via ring-opening reaction and free radical polymerization. The chemical structure of the PEG-MA-AA terpolymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and its average molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Modified sericite (MSE) was synthesized from sericite (SE) by the surface modification with PEG-MA-AA. The NR/SBR/MSE composites were prepared via the blending of the modified sericite and NR/SBR rubber. The thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of the composites were investigated by TGA, tensile test machine and high-insulation resistance meter. The results showed that the thermal stability and the mechanical and electrical insulation properties of NR/SBR/MSE composites were improved significantly. SEM also revealed that modified sericite possessed good dispersibility.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Polyimides: Poly(Urethane-Imide)

Abstract

Poly(urethane-imide)s (PUIs) were prepared by the Diels–Alder (DA) reaction of 5-(2-furanylmethylcarbamato)-1-[1-(2-furanylmethylcarbamatomethyl)]-1, 3, 3, -trimethylcyclohexane (FFCH) with various bismaleimides. The DA reaction was carried out in 1, 4-dioxane as the solvent as well as in bulk. This was followed by aromatization of the polytetrahydrophthalimide intermediate in the presence of acetic anhydride. All polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral studies, and thermogravimetry. The PUIs exhibited moderate thermal stability. FFCH and bismaleimide were polymerized (at 145 ± 10°C) by an in-situ DA reaction into thermally stable PUIs-glass fiber composites (i.e., laminates) and were characterized by their chemical resistance and mechanical properties.     

RGO/C3N4复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

通过半封闭一步热裂解法和改进的Hummers法分别制备了类石墨氮化碳(C₃N₄)和氧化石墨烯(GO),再利用光还原方法制得还原氧化石墨烯/氮化碳(RGO/C₃N₄)复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电镜(FESEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS),光致荧光(PL)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等测试技术对复合材料进行表征。以罗丹明B(RhB)为探针分子在可见光下考察RGO/C₃N₄复合材料的光催化活性,结果表明：RGO的引入显著提高了C₃N₄的光催化活性,且6.0%RGO/C₃N₄复合物的光催化活性最高,可能的原因是RGO具有优良的传导和接受电子性能,抑制了C₃N₄光生电子-空穴的复合机率,进而提高了光催化活性。     

含羧基硅氧烷的制备及其固化动力学研究

通过氯丙基甲基硅氧烷与过量的对苯二甲酸的缩合反应制备了一种新型的含羧基硅氧烷(CCS),CCS可以同双酚A型环氧树脂固化,根据Kissinger和Crane方程,用差热分析(DSC)对CCS和环氧树脂组合物的固化性能进行了分析。分析结果表明组合物固化反应的表观活化能为71.41 kJ.mol-1,反应级数为0.911;还给出了加热速度为10℃.min-1时的固化反应方程。     

MoS2/g-C3N4复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

首先在N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中超声剥离得到少层的MoS₂,将其与石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）复合,制得MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料。采用X射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电镜（SEM）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）,傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）,Raman光谱,紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱（DRS）和光致荧光（PL）技术对复合材料进行表征。可见光下考察MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B（RhB）的活性,结果表明：将少量MoS₂与g-C₃N₄复合可明显提高光催化活性,且1%（w/w）MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合物的光催化活性最高,可能的原因是MoS₂和g-C₃N₄匹配的能带结构,增大了界面间电荷的传输,降低了光生电子-空穴的复合,进而提高了光催化活性。     

松香基甜菜碱两亲分子构筑多维Ni(OH)2/NiOOH微纳米复合材料

采用自制脱氢松香基甜菜碱功能性两亲分子构筑得到3种形貌均匀的Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH微纳米复合材料, 分别为孔径约2 μm的三维珊瑚状、花状空心微球和宽度约100 nm的二维纳米片, 对复合材料的物相组成和形貌结构采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等技术手段分析表征。结合自制松香基甜菜碱两亲分子红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁(NMR)结构表征和优异的表面活性推测得到松香基甜菜碱两亲分子构筑3种不同形貌微纳米复合材料的机理;研究表明, 在松香基甜菜碱两亲分子稳定刚性结构的作用下, 通过反应温度控制其吸附能力可构筑出3种形貌分散性较好的氢氧化镍复合材料。     

W掺杂NbSe2及其Cu基复合材料摩擦学性能研究

本文利用固相合成法制备W掺杂的NbSe2,且以Nb1-xWxSe2为固体润滑相,Cu为基体相,通过粉末冶金的方法制备出不同质量百分比含量的Nb1-xWxSe2/Cu基复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、TEM测试手段分析了样品中的相成分、微观形貌,采用电阻率检测仪、材料试验机和排水法测试块体样品的电阻率、硬度和密度,并用摩擦磨损试验机对其摩擦磨损性能进行评价。结果表明随着W掺杂量的增加,Nb1-xWxSe2的形貌由规则的微米六方片转变为纳米片和纳米带的混合,掺杂对电阻率影响不大。随着Nb1-xWxSe2添加量的增加,Nb1-xWxSe2/Cu基复合材料的电阻率缓慢升高,摩擦系数呈现不同规律变化。当Nb1-xWxSe2中W掺杂量x=0且其添加质量为10%时,NbSe2/Cu基复合材料体系拥有最佳摩擦磨损性能,摩擦系数为0.15,磨痕平滑且宽度较窄。当Nb1-xWxSe2中W掺杂量x=3%且Nb0.97W0.03Se2的添加质量为5%时,Nb0.97W0.03Se2/Cu基复合材料拥有最佳摩擦磨损性能,摩擦系数为0.17,磨痕更加平滑且磨痕浅。这是由于Nb0.97W0.03Se2中同时均匀存在纳米带和纳米片,它们互相缠绕在一起,在复合材料中纳米片起到润滑成膜的作用,纳米带类似于鸟巢中的草屑和树枝,起到了增强增韧的作用,促使材料的力学和摩擦学性能同时提高。