CONCENTRATION AND SOLVENT SENSITIVE VISIBLE SPECTRA OF POLY(TRICYANOVINYLDIMETHYLANILINE): AGGREGATION AND SOLVATOCHROMISM

ABSTRACT

This work presents unusual spectral behavior of poly(tricyanovinyl dimethylaniline) (1) in dilute solutions. A new conjugated polymer(1) was prepared from p-(tricyanovinyl)N,N-dimethylaniline via the use of a methylglucopyranoside reagent. It is observed that dilute solutions of 1 exhibit spectral features associated with aggregation. The associative interaction is studied by changing the salt concentration of LiBr in DMF solution, by changing the concentration of 1, and by varying the solvents. The association modifies the visible spectrum of 1 in dilute solution. Spectra of 1 in DMF solution exhibit an intense absorption maximum at 429 nm, which can be assigned to the side group, with tailing past 700 nm. With increasing concentration, a new absorption band arises between 480 nm and 700 nm. LiBr dissociates the aggregate to decrease the additional spectral features. The visible spectrum of 1 varies in different solvents. The spectrum of 1 in chloroform solution exhibits two maxima at 490 nm and 550 nm. The associative interaction presumably arises from a dipole–dipole interaction among pendant side groups. In DMF solution of 1 in the presence of p-chloranil, the spectrum shows a maximum at 429 nm with a distinct shoulder near 520 nm which does not orginate from 1 and p-chloranil(CA) itself.     

Calorimetric Investigation of the Complexation of Didodecylcalix[4]arene-crown-6 with Alkali Metal and Ammonium Cations in Acetonitrile

Abstract

The Cs⁺ selectivity of some calix-crown ligands makes them excellent candidates for use in separation systems such as liquid membranes. Separation performance can be understood and predicted from thermodynamic data for cation complexation. We have therefore determined the log K, ΔH and ΔS for the interaction of Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺ and NH₄ ⁺ with didodecyl-calix[4]arene-crown-6 in acetonitrile at 25°C by titration calorimetry. The ligand is strongly selective for Cs⁺, and the selectivity trend results entirely from the enthalpy contribution, with entropy effects opposing the trend. These results are discussed in light of some corresponding data obtained by other researchers with similar ligands.     

Excellent Ag+ selective receptors: Syntheses and complexation properties of novel biscalix[4]arene with benzalazine groups

By reacting mono-substituted or 1,3-bi-substituted [2-(p-formylphenyloxy)ethyloxy]-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (3 or 4) with hydrazine hydrate in ‘1+2’ or ‘2+2’ condensation mode, novel benzalazine-bridging biscalix[4]arenes 5 and 7 were conveniently obtained in the yields of 76 and 81%, respectively. Condensation of compound 4 and salicylide hydrazone gave a novel calix[4]arene benzalazine derivative 6 in the yield of 85%. The structures and conformations of all new compounds were characterised by elemental analyses, ESI-MS, ¹H NMR and ¹H–¹H COSY techniques. Biscalix[4]arene 7 adopts a symmetrical cone conformation with tube cavity. The liquid–liquid extraction experiment showed that all new hosts possessed excellent complexation abilities towards soft metal cations. Compound 7 exhibited high complexation selectivity towards Ag⁺. The Ag⁺/Na⁺ and Ag⁺/Hg²⁺ extraction percentages of host 7 were as high as 73.1 and 54.9, respectively. The UV–vis spectra complexation experiments revealed that the complexation constant of receptor 7 with Ag⁺ was 1.9 × 10⁵ M^? 1 and the 1:1 stoichiometry of receptor 7–Ag⁺ complex was formed. The ¹H NMR spectra complexation experiments suggested that Ag⁺ was bound in a cavity composed of two benzalazine groups on bridging chains.     

Novel Chromogenic 21-Membered Azocrown Ether Lithium Selective Reagent

Abstract

Novel chromogenic 21-membered crown ether having an intraannular azo and hydroxy subunits has been used as a complexing reagent for alkali metal cations. The complex formation was detected by visible spectroscopy and formation constants were calculated. The most pronounced spectral changes were observed for lithium ion.     

A DFT study on a calix[5]crown-based heteroditopic receptor

The structures and binding energies of complexes formed between tris-ureido-calix[5]crown 1 and n- and 2-phenylethylammonium chloride have been determined by density functional calculations. Density functional theory analysis shows that the heteroditopic receptor 1 binds organic salt species with positive cooperativity.     

Binding behaviour and solubilisation of p-sulfonatocalixarenes to cinchona alkaloids

In this study, we investigated the binding behaviours of three water-soluble p-sulfonatocalixarenes with four cinchona alkaloids in aqueous and phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7.2 and 2.0). The complexation stability constants obtained by fluorescence titrations were comparatively discussed from several aspects: host cavity, pH effect and ionic strength. Among three hosts, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A) forms the most stable complexes with cinchona alkaloids, especially in acidic aqueous conditions. Furthermore, SC4A was elected as model drug carrier for cinchona alkaloids, where solubilisation by the complexation of SC4A and mimic release from the calixarene cavity in the presence of negatively charged micelles were initially studied.     

测定高分子聚合物-金属配合物稳定常数及平均配位数的新方法

建立了基于化学平衡理论模型以及凝胶过滤色谱(GFC)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICPMS)联用技术的高分子聚合物-金属配合物稳定常数、平均配位数测定新方法。以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和Cu²⁺为例,对形成的PEI-Cu配合物稳定常数、平均配位数进行测定,以0.02mol·L^-1HAc-NaAc为流动相,凝胶色谱柱分离大分子PEI-Cu配合物以及Cu的小分子配合物、游离态离子,最后用ICPMS测定不同形态金属元素的浓度;利用建立的化学平衡理论模型,计算PEI与金属离子形成配合物的稳定常数、平均配位数,测得25℃,pH4.1~5.3时,PEI-Cu配合物稳定常数为10^9.6~10^10.7,平均配位数为1.0~1.3。建立的在线分离、测定方法具有快速、准确的特点,为高分子聚合物-金属配合物的研究提供新的技术手段。     

BIS- (N-ACY L-2-THIO-193,2-DIAZAPHOSPHO LINES), NOUVEAUX COMPLEXANTS PHOSPHORÉS D'IONS ALCALINO-TERREUX

Abstract

Nous décrivons la synthèse en quatre étapes de nouveaux 1,3-dihydrobenzodiazaphospholes 3 et 6a-c dont la particularité est de posséder un (3) ou deux (6a-c) motifs N-acyl-diazaphospholines. Seuls les ligands 6a-c présentent des propriétés complexantes vis-à-vis des ions alcalino-terreux. observables par spectrométrie IR et UV.

We describe a four step synthesis of new 1,3-dihydrobenzodiazaphospholes 3 and 6a-c which posses one (3) or two (6a-c) N-acyl diazaphospholine moieties. Only the formation of alkaline-earth cation complexes, with 6a-c has been observed by IR and UV spectroscopies.     

Syntheses of Polythioethers Tethered with Bulky Aryl Groups and Their Complexation with Late-Transition Metals

Abstract

New types of o-phenylene-bridged polythioethers tethered with extremely bulky aryl groups at their terminal sulfur atoms, such as TbtS(o-Phen)S(o-Phen)S(o-Phen)STbt (1) and TbtS(o-Phen)S(o-Phen)SS(o-Phen)S(o-Phen)STbt (2) (Tbt = 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl, o-Phen = o-phenylene), were synthesized and subjected to the complexation with several kinds of late-transition metals. In the case of polythioether 1, the reaction with RhCl₃·3H₂O in benzene/EtOH resulted in the formation of a unique bimetallic complex, in which a part of ligand 1 is lost and the resulting sulfur atom is directly bound to the other Rh metal center. Interestingly, similar treatment of 1 with IrCl₃·3H₂O afforded ethyl-coordinated mononuclear Ir complex. Furthermore, 1 underwent complexation with Na₂PdCl₄ in EtOH to give the corresponding square planar dichloropalladium complex coordinated with two inner sulfur atoms of 1, while the S₆-ligand 2 reacted with excess of Pd(PPh₃)₄ in benzene to afford a quite interesting trinuclear Pd complex multi-step metal insertion reactions.     

Dramatic Effect of A Ring Size of Alicyclic α-Dioximate Ligand Synthons on Kinetics of the Template Synthesis and of the Acidic Decomposition of the Methylboron-Capped Iron(II) Clathrochelates

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the template synthesis and of the acidic decomposition of the methylboron-capped iron(II) tris-1,2-dioximates—the clathrochelate derivatives of six (nioxime)- and eight (octoxime)-membered alicyclic ligand synthons—were compared. In the case of a macrobicyclic iron(II) tris-nioximate, the plausible pathway of its formation contains a rate-determining stage and includes a reversible formation of an almost trigonal-antiprismatic (TAP) protonated tris-complex, followed by its monodeprotonation and addition of CH₃B(OH)₂. Thus, the formed TAP intermediate undergoes a multistep rate-determining stage of double cyclization with the elimination of two water molecules accompanied by a structural rearrangement, thus giving an almost trigonal-prismatic (TP) iron(FII) semiclathrochelate. It easily undergoes a cross-linking with CH₃B(OH)₂, resulting in the elimination of H⁺ ion and in the formation of a macrobicyclic structure. In contrast, the analogous scheme for its macrobicyclic tris-octoximate analog was found to contain up to three initial stages affecting the overall synthesis reaction rate. The rates of acidic decomposition of the above clathrochelates were found to be also affected by the nature of their ribbed substituents. Therefore, the single crystal XRD experiments were performed in order to explain these results. The difference in the kinetic schemes of a formation of the boron-capped iron(II) tris-nioximates and tris-octoximates is explained by necessity of the substantial changes in a geometry of the latter ligand synthon, caused by its coordination to the iron(II) ion, due to both the higher distortion of the FeN₆-coordination polyhedra, and the intramolecular sterical clashes in the molecules of the macrobicyclic iron(II) tris-octoximates.