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21.
浆态床合成二甲醚复合催化剂失活原因探索 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在反应温度260 ℃、压力5.0 MPa的条件下,对浆态床反应器中二甲醚合成复合催化剂的失活规律进行了研究.结果表明,Cu基催化剂失活较快是导致浆态床二甲醚合成催化剂不稳定的主要原因.通过分析Cu基催化剂在浆态床反应器和固定床反应器中的活性变化规律,发现在浆态床反应器中不能及时导出反应体系的H2O对催化剂的毒副作用导致了浆态床Cu基催化剂快速失活.对失活催化剂进行的TPR、XRD和SEM-EDS表征结果可以看出,Cu粒子的长大和积炭是Cu基催化剂失活的重要原因,与已有文献报道不同的是并未发现明显的Cu元素流失. 相似文献
22.
利用不同煤种的煤和生物油制备了不同浓度的生物油煤浆,考察了生物油煤浆的成浆浓度、表观黏度、流变特性和稳定性。结果表明,生物油煤浆是具有一定屈服应力的非牛顿流体,其流变特性可用宾汉姆方程来描述;生物油煤浆的屈服应力和表观黏度都随着固体浓度的增加而增大;随着剪切速率的增加,生物油煤浆的表观黏度减小;四种煤中,无烟煤的成浆浓度最高,可达42%,其含碳量高达49%,相当于同种煤制成的74%的水煤浆含量。烟煤次之,褐煤最低;生物油与煤粉之间能够形成絮凝性的大分子网络结构,使得生物油煤浆存在屈服应力并能够保持良好的静态稳定性,4.0~5.0 d天没有软沉淀产生,数月没有硬沉淀产生。 相似文献
23.
采用Bubnov-Galerkin方法对有恒壁温条件下,两平板间夹有含相变颗粒流体的自然对流热启动瑞利数进行了近似解析求解,求出了临界瑞利数Racr和波频数kcr随相变物质浓度,以及在相变温度范围内随加热表面温度的解析关系表达式.从而,为实现该类功能性潜热流体的自然对流传热强化,及其优化控制蓄热过程有理论指导意义. 相似文献
24.
25.
湿法脱硫浆液中Hg的还原机制研究 《燃料化学学报》2017,45(6):755-760
针对燃煤电厂湿法脱硫浆液中Hg2+易被还原的特性,研究Hg2+在模拟湿法脱硫系统中的迁移机制,考察了浆液温度、pH值以及SO32-、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度等因素对Hg2+还原性能的影响。结果表明,Hg2+还原率随着浆液中SO32-浓度的增大而降低;pH值对Hg2+的还原呈先增加后降低的趋势,在pH值为5.5时还原率最高;温度的升高不利于浆液中稳定的二价汞盐络合物存在,导致Hg2+还原率增加;Ca2+、Mg2+以及Cl-浓度的增加有利于形成稳定化合物,从而抑制Hg2+的还原。 相似文献
26.
Studies on the structure and catalytic performance of Cu-Zn-Al catalyst prepared by liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmosphere
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Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared using a complete liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmospheres. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Their application in the single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas was also investigated. The results indicate that the type of heat treatment atmosphere has an influence on the Cu species and the Cu0/Cu+ ratio on the catalyst surface. Moreover, the final Cu/Zn ratio on the catalyst surface is mainly dependent on the composition and reaction environment of the catalyst and little on the type of heat treatment atmosphere. The prepared catalysts can suppress sintering of active sites at high temperatures, and the type of heat treatment atmosphere mainly affects the capability of the catalyst for methanol synthesis. The catalysts perform best using N2 as the heat treatment atmosphere. 相似文献
27.
浆态床中Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2+γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂一步法合成二甲醚 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用共沉淀法,制备了纤维状CD501甲醇合成催化剂,采用SEM、TEM、XRD和BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征;并将其进一步和γ-Al2O3进行混合,获得了Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2+γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂,考察了其在浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程的催化特性。结果表明,相比商业催化剂(COM)和LP201催化剂,新型的CD501催化剂具有更大的比表面积和Cu/Zn分散性。对于浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程,采用CD501与γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂,相比采用COM或LP201与γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂,CO转化率提高了一倍,且经过270h测试,CO转化率从61%降至57%,二甲醚时空产率从0.54g/(g·h)降至0.48g/(g·h),稳定性显著优于COM催化剂。当反应温度为250℃,压力为4.0MPa,空速为3000mL/(g·h),氢碳比为1.0时,该催化剂应用在浆态床一步法合成二甲醚时,CO转化率为61%,DME时空产率达到0.54g/(g·h)。 相似文献
28.
《Analytica chimica acta》2002,460(1):111-122
Direct cold vapour generation from aqueous slurries of environmental (marine sediment, soil, coal) and biological (human hair, seafood) samples have been developed using a batch mode generation system coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. The effects of several variables affecting the cold vapour generation efficiency from solid particles (hydrochloric acid and sodium tetrahydroborate concentrations, argon flow rate, acid solution volume and mean particle size) have been evaluated using a Plackett-Burman experimental design. In addition, variables affecting cold vapour trapping and atomisation efficiency on Ir-treated graphite tubes (trapping and atomisation temperatures and trapping time) have been also investigated. Atomisation and trapping temperatures, trapping time and hydrochloric acid concentration were the significant variables. The 22+star and 23+star central composite designs have been used to obtain optimum values of the variables selected. The accuracy of methods have been verified by using several certified reference materials (PACS-1, GBW-07410, NIST-1632c, CRM-397 and DORM-2). A characteristic mass of 390 pg were achieved. The detection limits of methods were in the range of 40-600 ng g−1. A particle size less than 50 μm is adequate to obtain total cold vapour generation of Hg content in the aqueous slurry particles. 相似文献
29.
FCC油浆抽提分离产物结构组成分析 《燃料化学学报》2003,48(8):937-941
以切尾FCC油浆为原料,采用DMF和反抽提剂的复配溶剂进行抽提分离,对FCC油浆及其抽提产物的物性和组成进行了分析表征。结果表明,复配溶剂可以较好地将FCC油浆分离成以芳香烃为主的抽出相和以饱和结构为主的抽余相,在抽出油收率为58.5%时,抽出油芳香分含量80.5%,芳碳率为73.82%,所含芳烃以二环、三环和四环为主,可以作为橡胶填充油和增塑剂等的原料;抽余油饱和分含量高达90%以上,芳碳率只有2.38%,基本不含杂原子,可以作为优良的催化裂化原料。溶剂抽提可以使低附加值的FCC油浆得到较好的利用。 相似文献
30.
Soilbentonite slurry walls are designed to inhibit the subsurface movement of contaminants from hazardous waste sites. Although it is generally accepted that high concentrations of organic compounds will adversely affect soilbentonite slurry walls and clay liners, previous research investigating the effects of NAPLs on the conductivity of clay wall materials has been inconclusive. In this study the effects of various organics (benzene, aniline, trichloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride) on the effective conductivity of a typical soilbentonite slurry wall material were studied under two effective stress conditions, 200 and 52kPa. The hydraulic conductivity for the soilbentonite material permeated with water averaged 1.52×10-8cms-1. Compared to water, there was little change in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a solution containing a NAPL compound at its solubility limit, except for aniline. However, there was a one to two order of magnitude decrease in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a pure NAPL for all NAPLs tested. When the soilbentonite material was permeated with a water/NAPL/water/NAPL sequence, the conductivity decreased one to two orders of magnitude when a NAPL was introduced following water; however, when water was reintroduced after the NAPL, the conductivity increased to the initial hydraulic conductivity. The conductivity again decreased one to two orders of magnitude when the NAPL was reintroduced. This trend occurred for all NAPLs tested, and the fluid properties of the NAPL compounds alone did not account for the decrease in conductivity compared to water. 相似文献