Monodisperse poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene) microspheres by precipitation polymerization

Monodisperse poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene-80) microspheres of 4–6-µm diameter were prepared by precipitation copolymerization in neat acetonitrile and in acetonitrile/toluene mixtures. These particles have clean surfaces due to the absence of any added stabilizer and up to 0.5 cm³/g pore volume, depending on the comonomer ratio and on the amount of toluene cosolvent. The effects of comonomer and cosolvent ratios on microsphere formation and morphology are described. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2295–2303, 1999     

FTIR与XRD的均匀粒度分布Ce-Cu/TiO2空心微球制备机理研究

随着社会经济的发展,环境空气品质已经成为研究热点。TiO₂是一种化学稳定性高,耐腐蚀性强,对人体无毒无害的N型半导体材料。利用TiO₂的光催化性能提高室内环境空气品质已经成为研究焦点,但是由于TiO₂只能在紫外光源下才具有较高的光催化效率,而在可见光源下的光催化效率较低,从而极大的限制了TiO₂在室内环境领域的发展。因此,研发在可见光源下具有良好光催化性能的TiO₂复合材料势在必行。利用元素掺杂改性技术与提高比表面积方法可以改善光催化反应过程中量子效率和对光能的利用率,以加快电子和空穴向表面迁移的速率同时降低光生载流子的复合机率。以二氧化硅SiO₂为模板、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为成膜剂、硝酸铈Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O和硝酸铜Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O为改性剂采用溶胶-凝胶法制备均匀粒度分布的Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球,并将制备过程分为四个阶段,即纳米SiO₂球模板的制备、Ce-Cu/TiO₂-SiO₂复合微球凝胶的制备、Ce-Cu/TiO₂-SiO₂复合微球的制备和Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球的制备。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）与X射线衍射仪（XRD）对Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球的制备过程各阶段生成物进行测试与分析,即在纳米SiO₂球模板的制备阶段从微观角度研究纳米SiO₂球模板的搭建过程,在Ce-Cu/TiO₂-SiO₂复合微球凝胶的制备阶段研究TiO₂附着于纳米SiO₂球模板的过程,在Ce-Cu/TiO₂-SiO₂复合微球的制备阶段研究煅烧工艺对Ce-Cu/TiO₂-SiO₂复合微球中晶相与结构的影响,在Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球的制备阶段研究氢氧化钠溶液对Ce-Cu/TiO₂-SiO₂复合微球中纳米SiO₂球模板洗涤效果的影响。利用紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）对Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球的光响应性能进行测试与分析,以研究Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球对可见光源的利用效率。利用激光粒度分析仪（LPSA）与扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球的粒度分布与微观形貌进行测试与分析,以研究Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球的均匀粒度分布效果。结果表明：以Si-O-Si基团构建非晶体结构的无定形态纳米SiO₂球模板,有利于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮在纳米SiO₂球模板表面附着,从而控制Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球的空腔结构。Ce-Cu掺杂基本进入TiO₂晶体,极少进入纳米SiO₂球模板晶体,从而抑制了Ce-Cu/TiO₂-SiO₂复合微球中TiO₂由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变。Ce-Cu掺杂TiO₂可以促使TiO₂内部形成新的能级,实现能量较小的光子捕获e-和h+,从而提高Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球对可见光源的利用效率。Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球的表面光滑且不存在明显的缺陷,其形貌呈现良好的球体且粒径分布均匀,即d₉₀为219.54 nm,d₅₀为151.60 nm、d₁₀为103.84 nm,以及d₉₀-d₁₀为115.70 nm。研究结果为进一步获得可见光源下具有良好光催化性能的均匀粒度分布Ce-Cu/TiO₂空心微球提供理论依据和研究基础。     

反相悬浮聚合法制备硫氰酸根阴离子印迹微球及其离子识别性质

利用反相悬浮聚合法, 成功制备了微米级硫氰酸根(SCN^-)阴离子印迹微球。 以溶有分散剂Span-60的环已烷为分散介质, 以溶有模板阴离子SCN^-、阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)及交联剂N, N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)的水溶液为分散相, 构成反相悬浮聚合体系, 在水相液滴中使DAC发生交联聚合, 成功制备了粒径约为200 μm的离子印迹微球(IIPMs)。 以同为一价阴离子的NO₃^-和I^-为对比离子, 深入考察研究了该离子印迹微球的离子识别与结合特性。 研究结果表明, 凭借强静电相互作用, 在水相液滴中, 阳离子单体DAC与模板阴离子SCN^-紧密相结合, 故在DAC交联聚合的同时, 实现了阴离子SCN^-的印迹。 所制备的阴离子印迹微球IIPMs对模板阴离子SCN^-具有很高的结合能力(结合容量为3.3 mmol/g(192 mg/g))和特异的识别选择性。 该印迹微球可选择性地识别与结合离子混合溶液中的SCN^-离子, 相对于NO₃^-和I^-阴离子, IIPMs对SCN^-阴离子的选择性系数分别为3.24和6.78。 该印迹微球还具有优良的重复使用性能。     

Preparation of Monodisperse Polylactide Microspheres by Dispersion Polymerization Using a Polymeric Stabilizer with Hydroxy Groups

Monodisperse poly(D ,L ‐lactide) (PDLLA) microspheres have been prepared by dispersion polymerization of D ,L ‐lactide with a synthetic polymeric stabilizer. The polymerization is carried out in xylene/heptane (1:2, v/v) at 368 K for 3 h with poly[(dodecyl methacrylate)‐co‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] (P(DMA‐co‐HEMA)). P(DMA‐co‐HEMA) has hydroxy groups as an initiation group for pseudoanionic dispersion polymerization. The particle diameter and the coefficient of variation concerning the diameter distribution of the obtained PDLLA microspheres are 3.9 µm and 4.3%, respectively. In addition, from the results of dynamic light scattering measurements, it is found that P(DMA‐co‐HEMA) and the PDLLA‐grafted copolymer form a micellar structure in solution.

     

模板法制备无机氧化物中空微球的研究进展

总结了模板法在制备无机氧化物中空微球方面的应用,主要从模板的种类和壳层增长机理两方面进行阐述,并对无机氧化物中空微球的应用及发展前景作了简要介绍。     

Hydrophilic Microspheres Containing αα-tert Butoxy-ωω-vinylbenzyl-polyglycidol for Immunodiagnostics: Synthesis,Properties and Biomedical Applications

Summary: Synthesis, characteristics and medical diagnostic application of core-shell poly(styrene/α-tert-butoxy-ω-(vinylbenzyl)polyglycidol) (P(S/PGL)) microspheres are described. The particles were prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene and α-tert-butoxy-ω-(vinylbenzyl)polyglycidol macromonomer (PGL) initiated with potassium persulfate. The polymerization in water yielded microspheres with diameters in the range from 220 to 650 nm, depending on concentration of the macromonomer. Polydispersity was usually below 1.06. The fraction of PGL in interfacial layer of microspheres ranged from 0 to 42 mol.% (estimated by XPS). Microspheres suspended in NaCl solutions manifested fully reversible swelling-deswelling properties of their interfacial layer with characteristic transition temperature (T_t) slightly dependent on NaCl concentration. The adsorption of human serum albumin on the surface of P(S/PGL) microspheres was highly reduced when the PGL surface fraction exceeded 40 mol.%. P(S/PGL) microspheres with immobilized antigens Helicobacter pylori were used for detection of antibodies against. The test was based on monitoring differences in electrophoretic mobility of P(S/PGL) microspheres covalently bound H. pylori antigens and antibodies against H. pylori in blood serum.     

pH荧光纳米传感器的研制及表征

利用溶胶-凝胶技术制得了单分散性很好的二氧化硅纳米微球,通过共价偶联方式引入对pH变化敏感的荧光素异硫氰酸酯（FITC）,这种FITC功能化二氧化硅纳米微球（FITC功能化硅微球）可作为pH荧光纳米传感器。当pH值从4.0变至7.5时,荧光强度增大约30倍。该传感器灵敏度高,响应速度快,容易制备,光稳定性好,可望用于单细胞的pH分析。     

在聚合物微球HEMA/NVP表面接枝聚合甲基丙烯酸的研究

采用悬浮聚合法制备了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的交联共聚微球;接着用甲基丙烯酰氯对交联微球进行了表面化学改性,将可聚合双键引入微球表面,制得了改性微球;然后,用"接出"法实施了甲基丙烯酸(MAA)在改性微球表面的接枝聚合,得到了接枝微球.用红外光谱法对几种微球的化学结构进行了表征,使用扫描电镜观察了形貌;考察了对MAA接枝聚合的主要影响因素.结果表明,交联微球在表面改性后,可顺利地实现MAA在微球表面的接枝聚合;在接枝聚合过程中,微球表面所产生的接枝聚合物层会形成动力学位垒,反应12h后接枝度不再变化,且在接枝度-温度与接枝度.引发剂用量曲线上出现最高点;接枝聚合适宜的反应温度为70℃,引发剂用量为单体质量的0.3%.对碱性蛋白的吸附性能的观察表明,在氢键与静电相互作用的协同作用下,接枝微球对溶菌酶具有很强的吸附能力.     

W/O乳化法制备明胶/β-磷酸三钙多孔复合微球及其热学性能

采用乳液、离子缔合法制备得到明胶(Gel)/β-纳米磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合多孔微球,其尺寸可通过控制反应的搅拌速度进行调节. SEM和光学显微镜观察表明,明胶/β-TCP复合微球尺寸在20～40 μm之间,被包敷的磷酸三钙为200 nm左右,微球内部呈多孔结构. 当m(磷酸三钙)∶m(明胶)＞0.4∶1时,有大量花瓣状晶体附着于复合微球的表面,是磷酸三钙溶解和明胶分子诱导重结晶所致. XRD与IR图谱表明,磷酸三钙纳米粒子与明胶之间存在化学键合,明胶/β-纳米磷酸三钙复合微球的微观结构与自然骨相似. DSC-TGA结果显示,90%的TCP在乳化过程中与明胶复合. 本文所制备的复合微球,为添加各种药物和促骨生长因子并实现缓释提供了优良的载体.     

Cobalt oxide hollow microspheres with micro- and nano-scale composite structure: Fabrication and electrochemical performance

Co₃O₄ hollow microspheres with micro- and nano-scale composite structure self-assembled by nanosheets were successfully fabricated by the template-free wet-chemical approach. This method is simple, facile and effective. The Co₃O₄ hollow microspheres with good purity and homogeneous size were well characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform IR (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP). The formation mechanism was deeply studied. The micro- and nano-scale composite structure constructed by the porous nanosheets promotes to improve the electrochemical properties of Co₃O₄ hollow microspheres. The high discharge capacity of 1048 mAh g⁻¹ indicates it to be the potential application in electrode materials of Li-ion battery.