Stress Response Kinetics of Two Nisin Producer Strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactococcus lactis</Emphasis> spp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">lactis</Emphasis>

The purpose of this study is to determine the survival and nisin production behaviors of two strains of Lactococcus lactis under different stress conditions that represent the food ecosystem. In this respect, the survival ratios of two nisin producers were determined under different pH, temperature, NaCl, and bile salt concentrations. Then, nisin production levels of the strains were determined at each stress conditions. Both strains had similar growth or inactivation patterns under the same stress conditions. NaCl and bile salt stresses on the survival ratio of the strains could be successfully described by the exponential decay function, whereas Gaussian function produced good fits for temperature and pH stresses. The nisin activity of two nisin producers (in their mid-exponential and/or early stationary phase) decreased dramatically under all stress conditions, except osmotic (NaCl) and low temperature applications. The results of this study showed that two nisin producers had similar adaptive responses under severe stress conditions, which could be described by appropriate mathematical equations. Moreover, the effect of harsh environment on the nisin activity of L. lactis strains depends on the stress factors applied.     

光敏化铱配合物三线态材料

铱配合物由于高的激发单线态到三线态的量子转化效率和可调节的三线态寿命,近年来在三线态光敏化应用领域备受瞩目.科学家们就调控铱配合物发光波长和发光量子效率已建立起有效的分子设计策略和原则,但对如何调控铱配合物的可见光吸光响应,三线态量子产率和寿命等光敏化应用要求的重要光物理参数的相关探索并不多,相应的分子设计策略和原则远未建立.本文介绍了铱配合物与光敏化过程相关的光物理特征,改进铱配合物可见光吸收性能、调控三线态量子产率和寿命的分子设计策略,综述了铱配合物近年来应用于染料敏化太阳能电池、三线态-三线态湮灭能量上转化和光裂解水制氢的研究进展,梳理了铱配合物分子结构与光敏化性能之间的部分关联关系.     

页岩油气高效开发中的基础理论与关键力学问题

我国页岩油气开发刚刚起步,许多基础理论和关键科学（力学）问题亟需明确和解决．本文按页岩油气开发的全过程自然地将其分为四个相互关联的科学问题展开介绍和讨论,包括：页岩工程地质力学特征与预测理论,地质力学找到气;多重耦合下的页岩油气安全钻井完井理论,钻井完井够到气;页岩地层动态随机裂缝控制机理与新概念压裂理论,体积压裂释放气;页岩油气多尺度渗流特征与开采理论,解吸运移产出气．本文提出用水力压裂创造页岩传气能力,用气体二次压裂页岩基质来解决气源问题,实现水力压裂创造的页岩传气能力与页岩基质气体供应能力相匹配,避免“断气”现象发生,最终达到页岩气可持续性开采．解决这些关键科学（力学）问题可以为页岩油气高效开发奠定可靠的基础,具有重要的理论意义和应用前景．     

低渗透油藏水平井分段采油优化模型

针对低渗透油藏水平井的分段采油,考虑变盲筛比的分段完井方法,引入启动压力梯度,基于势的叠加、镜像反映原理和微元线汇思想,分别建立了低渗透封闭油藏和低渗透底水油藏的分段采油耦合模型。以水平井的产量作为目标函数,以生产水平井段的长度和中心点位置作为优化变量,分别建立了两种边界条件的低渗透油藏水平井分段采油优化模型。利用遗传算法,编制数值模拟软件,对水平井分段采油时分段方案进行了优化设计,分别给出了不同分段模式下的最优分段方案。     

双渠道销售差别定价闭环供应链协调应对生产成本扰动研究

针对一个新产品和再造品存在差别定价,且两类产品通过不同销售渠道进行销售的闭环供应链,构建了一个基本的两部收费契约协调模型。随后,考虑突发事件同时干扰新产品和再造品生产成本的情况下,集中式决策闭环供应链的最优决策问题,并设计了可协调成本扰动下双渠道销售差别定价闭环供应链的两部收费契约。研究表明:在集中式决策闭环供应链中,相比于稳定环境下新产品和再造品的最优决策,生产成本扰动下两类产品最优产量的调整方式不仅与生产成本扰动的程度相关,还与两类产品之间的相互替代系数相关,且改进的两部收费契约以系统各成员共担风险的方式实现了闭环供应链协调的目的。     

碳限额与碳交易约束下制造商生产-库存控制策略

针对制造商订货、储存、生产过程中的碳排放问题,探讨了碳限额与碳交易约束下制造商生产-库存控制策略,在对碳限额与碳交易进行数学度量的基础上构建了碳限额与碳交易约束下制造商生产-库存成本模型,并通过模型分析得出有碳约束且成本最优生产量及原材料最大订货倍数以及碳限额与碳交易约束下制造商最优生产-库存策略。计算实验与算例分析表明:相比于无碳约束情形,碳限额与碳交易约束下制造商订货数量更高,而订货频率及生产批量更低,并得出三种交易价格之下,决策变量的变化趋势。     

染料敏化可见光催化制氢研究进展

染料敏化是拓展宽禁带光催化剂激发波长范围、有效利用太阳光中可见光部分的重要手段. 本文介绍了染料敏化分解水制氢的基本原理, 综述了染料敏化剂、基质或载体、染料与基质的相互作用、产氢助催化剂以及电子牺牲剂的研究进展. 并对光敏化体系中电荷转移途径及稳定性问题进行了讨论.     

Nature of light scalars through photon-photon collisions

The surprising thing is that arising almost 50 years ago from the linear sigma model （LSM） with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry, the light scalar meson problem has become central in the nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics （QCD） for it has been made clear that LSM could be the low energy realization of QCD. First we review briefly signs of four-quark nature of light scalars. Then we show that the light scalars are produced in the two photon collisions via four-quark transitions in contrast to the classic P wave tensor qq mesons that are produced via two-quark transitions γγ→qq. Thus we get new evidence of the four-quark nature of these states.     

双核模型下超重核117的生成截面研究

Within the framework of the dinuclear system model, the capture of two colliding nuclei, and the formation and de-excitation process of a compound nucleus are described by using an empirical coupled channel model, solving the master equation numerically and the statistical evaporation model, respectively. In the process of heavy-ion capture and fusion to synthesize superheavy nuclei, the barrier distribution function is introduced and averaging collision orientations are considered. Based on this model, the production cross sections of the cold fusion system ^76-82Se＋^209Bi and the hot fusion systems ^55Mn＋^238U, ^51V＋^244pu, ^59Co＋^232Th, ^48Ca＋^247-249Bk and ^45Sc＋^246-248Cm are calculated. The isotopic dependence of the largest production cross sections is analyzed briefly, and the optimal projectile-target combination and excitation energy of the 1n-4n evaporation channels are proposed. It is shown that the hot fusion systems ^48Ca＋^247-249Bk in the 3n evaporation channels and ^45Sc＋248Cm in the 2n-4n channels are optimal for synthesizing the superheavy element 117.     

Dynamic information theory and information description of dynamic systems

In this paper, we develop dynamic statistical information theory established by the author. Starting from the ideas that the state variable evolution equations of stochastic dynamic systems, classical and quantum nonequilibrium statistical physical systems and special electromagnetic field systems can be regarded as their information symbol evolution equations and the definitions of dynamic information and dynamic entropy, we derive the evolution equations of dynamic information and dynamic entropy that des...