Adaptive Methods for Spatial Scan Analysis via Semiparametric Mixture Models

Spatial scan density (SSD) estimation via mixture models is an important problem in the field of spatial statistical analysis and has wide applications in image analysis. The “borrowed strength” density estimation (BSDE) method via mixture models enables one to estimate the local probability density function in a random field wherein potential similarities between the density functions for the subregions are exploited. This article proposes an efficient methods for SSD estimation by integrating the borrowed strength technique into the alternative EM framework which combines the statistical basis of the BSDE approach with the stability and improved convergence rate of the alternative EM methods. In addition, we propose adaptive SSD estimation methods that extend the aforementioned approach by eliminating the need to find the posterior probability of membership of the component densities afresh in each subregion. Simulation results and an application to the detection and identification of man-made regions of interest in an unmanned aerial vehicle imagery experiment show that the adaptive methods significantly outperform the BSDE method. Other applications include automatic target recognition, mammographic image analysis, and minefield detection.     

Triazoles and Other N‐Containing Metabolites from the Marine‐Derived Endophytic Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum EN‐118

Two new triazoles, chrysotriazoles A and B ( 1 and 2 , resp.), along with two known quinazolinones, 3 and 4 , two known 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)acetamides, 5 and 6 , and two known N‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)formamides, 7 and 8 , were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Penicillium chrysogenum EN‐118, an endophytic fungus obtained from the marine brown alga Sargassum pallidium. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by NMR‐spectroscopic analysis, and that of compound 1 was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis of its p‐bromobenzoate derivative. Compounds 4, 5 , and 7 showed moderate cytotoxicities against Du145, A‐549, and HeLa cell lines.     

多孔硅光致发光的非线性光学特性

采用电化学腐蚀法制备多孔硅（ＰＳ）,测量了多孔硅在近红外光（８００ｎｍ）激光下的光致发光（ＰＬ）谱和光致发光激光（ＰＬＥ）谱;结果表明多孔硅具有良好的上转换荧光特性光学特性并存存放时间 长,在一定期内峰值强度有明显的增。这种非线性光学响应的增强,被认为与空间量子限制效应作用下局域束缚关,光致发光谱的多峰结构表明多孔硅中存在多种发光中心。用量子限制／发光中心模型可以解释本实验结果。