An orally administered microcapsule system for treating chronic renal failure patients

Ingestible adsorbents for the removal of uremic metabolites are being investigated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of chronic uremia. In particular, a microcapsule product containing urease and zirconium phosphate (UZP) has been investigated for removing urea. A dog model, simulating chronic uremia, was developed to investigate: (1) the concentration of various nitrogenous metabolites (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) in the GI tract, (2) flux rates of H₂O and various nitrogenous metabolites in the GI tract, and (3) the efficacy of the microcapsule product. The results of these perfusion studies suggest that urea and creatinine can be removed from the GI tract via ingestible adsorbents. In addition, the model may be useful in investigating suspect uremic toxins, e.g., guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA). The reduction of blood urea nitrogen levels in the dog model when the animal was fed the microcapsule product was limited by the capacity of the zirconium phosphate to bind ammonium ion. Preliminary clinical studies with the microcapsule product indicate that it may be of potential adjunctive therapy in patients suffering from chronic renal failure.     

具外来感染者和急慢性阶段流行病模型的周期解

建立和研究了一类具有外来感染者和急慢性阶段的流行病模型.我们假设单位时间内有常数量的外来感染者进入所研究地区,并且假设模型具有周期感染率.我们将利用重合度的延拓定理,导出模型周期解的存在性.     

Gas Plasma-Augmented Wound Healing in Animal Models and Veterinary Medicine

The loss of skin integrity is inevitable in life. Wound healing is a necessary sequence of events to reconstitute the body’s integrity against potentially harmful environmental agents and restore homeostasis. Attempts to improve cutaneous wound healing are therefore as old as humanity itself. Furthermore, nowadays, targeting defective wound healing is of utmost importance in an aging society with underlying diseases such as diabetes and vascular insufficiencies being on the rise. Because chronic wounds’ etiology and specific traits differ, there is widespread polypragmasia in targeting non-healing conditions. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are an overarching theme accompanying wound healing and its biological stages. ROS are signaling agents generated by phagocytes to inactivate pathogens. Although ROS/RNS’s central role in the biology of wound healing has long been appreciated, it was only until the recent decade that these agents were explicitly used to target defective wound healing using gas plasma technology. Gas plasma is a physical state of matter and is a partially ionized gas operated at body temperature which generates a plethora of ROS/RNS simultaneously in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Animal models of wound healing have been vital in driving the development of these wound healing-promoting technologies, and this review summarizes the current knowledge and identifies open ends derived from in vivo wound models under gas plasma therapy. While gas plasma-assisted wound healing in humans has become well established in Europe, veterinary medicine is an emerging field with great potential to improve the lives of suffering animals.     

Study of a fractional-order model of chronic wasting disease

This paper studies a fractional-order modelling chronic wasting disease (CWD). The basic results on existence, uniqueness, non-negativity, and boundedness of the solutions are investigated for the considered model. The criterion for local as well as global stability of the equilibrium points is derived. A numerical analysis for Hopf-type bifurcation is presented. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to justify the results obtained.     

基于静电自组装银膜的急性粒白血病氧合血红蛋白表面增强拉曼光谱研究

文中基于高效、生物兼容性纳米结构银膜,采用便携式拉曼光谱仪分别对10个健康人和10个急性粒白血病患者的氧合血红蛋白进行了表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱的研究。实验发现,健康人与急性粒白血病患者的氧合血红蛋白SERS光谱存在显著差异:(1)健康人氧合血红蛋白SERS光谱中位于340cm-1附近很弱的拉曼峰在急性粒白血病患者的SERS光谱中变的很强;(2)健康人氧合血红蛋白SERS光谱中位于655 cm-1附近的拉曼峰在急性粒白血病患者SERS光谱中蓝移到670 cm-1附近,同时在727cm-1附近出现一个新的拉曼峰;(3)对健康人和急性粒白血病患者氧合血红蛋白SERS光谱中位于472、814、1335、1423和1588 cm-1处的拉曼峰相对强度比研究发现,相对强度比I814/I472,I1335/I472、I1423/I472和I1588/I472可以作为较好的区分健康人和急性粒白血病患者的SERS光谱诊断指标,这为基于SERS光谱技术进行急性粒白血病诊断提供了初步实验依据。     

Localized in vivo proton spectroscopy of the bone marrow in patients with leukemia

Volume selective magnetic resonance (MR) proton spectroscopy was used to investigate the haemopoietic (iliac bone) and fatty bone marrow (tibia) in patients with leukemia and polycythaemia vera. Selective measurements of the relaxation times T₁ and T₂ for the “water” and “fat” resonances in the bone marrow spectra were performed. Nine patients with acute leukemia and three patients with chronic leukemia were examined at diagnosis. Three patients with acute leukemia in remission were also examined. Five of the leukemic patients had follow-up examinations performed in relation to chemotherapeutic treatment. Nine patients with polycythaemia vera and 21 normal control subjects were examined with identical methods for comparison. All patients had bone marrow biopsies performed prior to every MR examination. Significant differences could be detected in the spectral patterns from iliac bone marrow in patients with leukemia at diagnosis compared to the healthy normal controls. The “relative water content” was increased in the iliac bone marrow spectra of the leukemic patients compared to the normal subjects, which indicates an increase in the amount of haemopoietic tissue and a corresponding decrease in marrow fat content. The T₁ relaxation times of the “water” resonance in the spectra from the iliac bone marrow of the leukemic patients were significantly prolonged at diagnosis, compared to the normal controls and the patients with polycythaemia vera. After chemotherapeutic induction of remission, the spectra from the iliac bone marrow in the patients with leukemia resembled normal spectra. Four leukemic patients had abnormal spectra from the tibial bone marrow and one patients showed early changes in tibial marrow during chemotherapeutic treatment, before any major changes could be detected in the iliac bone marrow.     

用液相色谱法研究N—乙酰—1,6—二氨基己烷诱导肿瘤细胞分化的机理

本文报道了Ｎ－乙酰－１，６－二氨基己烷的合成及偶联到异丙基甘油硅胶上制备高效液相色色谱柱的方法，并用液相色谱法测定了ＮＡＤＡＨ及六亚甲基二乙酰胺诱导肿瘤细胞分化的机理。     

Suppressive activity of protease inhibitors from buckwheat seeds against human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines

The buckwheat protease inhibitor designated BWI-1, a member of the potato inhibitor I family, inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin, and subtilisin, whereas the buckwheat protease inhibitor designated BWI-2a, a novel protease inhibitor homologous to the vicilin family, inhibits only trypsin. We examined the suppressive activity of BWI-1 and BWI-2a against T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells, such as JURKAT and CCRF-CEM, and human normal blood lymphocytes. Both inhibitors significantly suppressed the growth of T-ALL cells as judged by the soluble 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (tetrazolium/formazan assay). JURKAT cells showed slightly higher susceptibility to buckwheat inhibitors than CCRF-CEM cells. Modification of Arg residue(s) in inhibitors by 1,2-cyclohexandione inactivated their trypsin inhibitory activity, considerably abolishing their suppressive activity. This suggests that the trypsin inhibitory activity is involved in the suppression of growth of human T-ALL cell lines. It was further found that both inhibitors triggered programmed cell death (apoptosis) of these cell strains with DNA fragmentation.     

白血病中MLLSET结构域蛋白质的研究

采用X射线衍射的方法,解析得到MLLSET主要由β二级结构单元组成,组织成2个结构单元,形成1个大致L形状,每个臂大约5.0 nm长.构成N结构域的140个残基组织成一个重复的反平行β结构,由12个反平行β链组成,大约长5.0 nm,宽3.0nm,高2.0 nm.第一个转角把第一和第二条链联系起来,是短而紧密的,但链3—4、链5—6和链7—8之间的连接环逐渐越来越延长,导致7β~8β转角中有8个残基.与β片层本身扭曲组合在一起,这些在片层一端的转角就产生了U形的槽,与链的方向大致垂直.,解析MLLSET结构域蛋白质的晶体结构,为通过分子设计的方法制备合适的药物,治疗白血病,打下坚实的基础.